2012-059 - Adopt the Addendum to the 2020 General Plan Environmental Impact Report and Approving the Sustainability PlanRESOLUTION 2012 -059
RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL
OF THE TOWN OF LOS GATOS
ADOPTING THE ADDENDUM TO THE 2020 GENERAL PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT REPORT AND APPROVING THE SUSTAINABILITY PLAN.
WHEREAS, Action ENV -13.1 of the 2020 General Plan directs the Town to develop a
GHG Emission Reduction Plan to control and reduce GHG emissions, and to adopt the plan prior
to adoption of any specific plan, and within 24 months of the adoption of the 2020 General Plan;
and
WHEREAS, the Town of Los Gatos has prepared the Sustainability Plan to serve as the
Town's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Reduction Plan, along with the Addendum to the
2020 General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR); and
WHEREAS, the implementation of the Sustainability Plan is intended to identify how
the community can reduce GHG emissions, increase energy efficiency and conservation, and
address recent changes to the State and Federal regulatory environment; and
WHEREAS, the Sustainability Plan establishes a GHG Emissions Reduction Target and
community and municipal measures to achieve the target; and
WHEREAS, opportunities were provided for the involvement of citizens, public
agencies, public utilities, school districts, and various civic groups through, among other things,
a workshop, open house, a public comment period, and public hearings over a 10 -month period;
M
WHEREAS, under the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
and the CEQA Guidelines, the Town of Los Gatos prepared an Addendum to the 2020 General
Plan EIR; and
1
WHEREAS, under the provisions of the Government Code and the California
Environmental Quality Act, the Planning Commission conducted duly noticed public hearings
regarding the Addendum and recommendation of the Sustainability Plan on August 8 and 22,
and September 26, 2012, and recommended that the Los Gatos Town Council adopt the
Addendum and approve the Sustainability Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Los Gatos Town Council considered all recommendations made by the
Planning Commission; and
WHEREAS, the Los Gatos Town Council conducted duly noticed public hearings and
received public testimony about the Sustainability Plan and the Addendum on October 15, 2012;
"ITII
WHEREAS, on October 15, 2012, the Los Gatos Town Council found that the
Addendum to the 2020 General Plan EIR as recommended for adoption by the Planning
Commission, was prepared in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act and
guidelines and is complete;
WHEREAS, Council finds as follows:
A. The proposed Sustainability Plan is consistent with and supports the General Plan
goal to promote a sustainable community that protects enviromnental resources and the climate
to prevent negative impacts to future generations. The Sustainability Plan is a detailed, long-
range strategy to promote sustainability in and reduce GHG emissions through transportation and
land use, energy, water, solid waste, and open space.
2
B. The proposed Sustainability Plan is consistent with General Plan policies intended
to promote sustainability of resources, waste reduction, and energy conservation. The
Sustainability Plan guides the community with measures in the following areas: transportation
and land use; green building; renewable energy and low carbon fuels; energy conservation; water
and wastewater; solid waste; open space; purchasing; and community action. These measures
will allow the Town to achieve the emissions reduction target by the year 2020 and contribute to
the Town's sustainability of resources, waste reduction, and energy conservation.
C. The Council certified and adopted a Final EIR (FEIR) for the Los Gatos General
Plan 2020 on September 20, 2010. In July 2012, the Town prepared an Addendum to the
previous EIR. The Council hereby finds and determines that since certification of the FEIR in
2010, some changes or additions are necessary, but none of the conditions described in CEQA
Guidelines Section 15162 requiring preparation of a subsequent EIR have occurred. In addition,
based on the analysis in Appendix G Checklist in the EIR Addendum, approval and
implementation of the Sustainability Plan would not create any new or significant environmental
impacts studied in the Los Gatos General Plan 2020 EIR.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, the Los Gatos Town Council adopts the
Addendum and approves the Sustainability Plan dated July 25, 2012.
3
PASSED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the Town Council of the Town of
Los Gatos, California, held on the 15`x' day of October, 2012, by the following vote:
COUNCIL MEMBERS:
AYES: Steven Leonardis, Diane McNutt, Joe Pirzynski, Barbara Spector, and Mayor Steve Rice
NAYS:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
r
SIGNED:
MAYOR TOd O LO GATOS
LOS GATOS, CALIFORNIA
ATTEST: _� ' " a "&ti&
CLERK ADMINISTRATOR OF THE TOWN OF LOS GATOS
LOS GATOS, CALIFORNIA
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Los Gatos Sustainability Plan
October 15, 2012
Prepared For; The Town of Los Gatos
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... ............................... I -1
2. EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY .. ............................... 2 -1
3. 2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL AND ADJUSTED GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS INVENTORY ............................................ ............................... 3 -1
4. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGET ... ............................... 4 -1
5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION MEASURES .............................. 5 -1
6. IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING .............................. ............................... 6 -1
Appendices
Appendix A:
Community Workshop Summary
Appendix B:
Inventory and Forecast Modeling Files
Appendix C:
GHG Emissions Reductions Measures Modeling Data
Appendix D:
Transportation and Land Use Measures Modeling Summary
Appendix E:
Summary of Measure Reductions and Implementation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figures
Figure 1 -1 The Greenhouse Effect ................................ ............................... 1 -3
Tables
Table 2 -1 Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Summary...................................................... ...............................
2 -2
Table 2 -2
Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Transportation Sources ................................ ...............................
2 -2
Table 2 -3
Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
ResidentialLand Uses .................................. ...............................
2 -4
Table 2 -4
Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Non Residential Land Uses .......................... ...............................
2 -4
Table 2 -5
Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
WasteDisposal ............................................. ...............................
2 -7
Table 2 -6
Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Water Use and Wastewater Generation ....... ...............................
2 -7
Table 2 -7
Baseline Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
OtherEmissions ........................................ ...............................
2 -10
Table 3 -1
Existing and 2020 Population, Employment, and Housing
Projections................................................... ...............................
3 -2
Table 3 -2
Baseline and Forecast Year 2020 Business as Usual
Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Summary ...........
3 -2
Table 3 -3
Baseline and Adjusted Forecast Year 2020 Communitywide
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Summary ......... ...............................
3 -4
Table 3 -4
2020 Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Transportation Sources ................................ ...............................
3 -8
Table 3 -5
2020 Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Residential and Non - Residential Land Uses ...............................
3 -8
Table 3 -6
2020 Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Water Use and Wastewater Generation ....... ...............................
3 -9
Table 3 -7
2020 Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
WasteDisposal ........................................... ...............................
3 -11
Table 3 -8
2020 Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
OtherEmissions ........................................ ...............................
3 -I1
Table 4 -1
Target and Gap Analysis .............................. ...............................
4 -3
Table 5 -1
Communitywide GHG Emission Reductions by Sector ...........
5 -3
1 INTRODUCTION
Los Gatos is a charming, vibrant community that has achieved enviable suc-
cess in balancing its location in the bustling Silicon Valley with a friendly,
small -town atmosphere. Through thoughtful planning over the 125 years
since incorporation in 1887, Los Gatos has managed to grow and evolve while
maintaining respect for its beautiful natural setting and preserving its historic
character and a distinct sense of place. Throughout its history and as it moves
into the 21" century, the residents and leaders of Los Gatos have recognized
that a healthy and prosperous community must weigh economic, environ-
mental, and social goals when planning for the future.
In 2010, under the leadership of the Town Council and with substantial input
from an engaged and passionate community, the Town adopted an updated
2020 General Plan that focused on promoting sustainability. The 2020 Gen-
eral Plan defines sustainability as "using resources in the present in a manner
that does not compromise the choices and quality of life of future genera-
tions." The 2020 General Plan recognizes that sustainability goals can be met
several ways, including increasing alternative modes of transportation, main-
taining a healthy local economy, and preserving open space.
This Sustainability Plan is a key tool in implementing the 2020 General Plan.
It is a detailed, long -range strategy to achieve sustainability in transportation
and land use, energy, water, solid waste, and open space. Collectively, ad-
dressing community development and conservation through these lenses will
help Los Gatos remain attractive, prosperous, and adaptive to social, political,
and environmental changes.
This Sustainability Plan addresses the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Los Gatos and sets forth a detailed and long -term strategy that
the Town and community can implement to achieve the GHG emissions
reduction target. Implementation of this Sustainability Plan will guide Los
Gatos' actions to reduce its contribution to global warming and will support
ambitious emission reduction targets adopted by the State of California. The
Sustainability Plan will also be utilized for tiering and streamlining of future
development within Los Gatos pursuant to California Environmental Quail-
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ty Act (CEQA) Guidelines 15152 and 15183.5. The Sustainability Plan serves
as the CEQA threshold of significance within the town for the effects of
GHGs, by which all applicable developments within the town will be re-
viewed.
This chapter provides background information about the effects of GHGs,
existing sustainability efforts in Los Gatos, and public participation in the
Town's sustainability planning processes.
A. E(ferts of Greenhouse Gases
The earth's atmosphere is composed of naturally- occurring and anthropogen-
ic (i.e. induced by human activity) GHGs that trap heat in the atmosphere
and regulate the earth's temperature. This phenomenon, (mown as the
greenhouse effect, is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate on earth.
GHGs present in the earth's lower atmosphere play a critical role in main-
taining the earth's temperature as they trap some of the longwave infrared
radiation emitted from the earth's surface which otherwise would have es-
caped to space, as shown in Figure 1 -1.
Water vapor and carbon dioxide are the most abundant GHGs in the atmos-
phere. The gases that are widely seen as the principal contributors to anthro-
pogenic global warming are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydro -
fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. While human ac-
tivity results in the release of some GHGs that occur naturally, such as car-
bon dioxide and methane, other gases, like hydrofluorocarbons, perfluoro-
carbons, and sulfur hexafluoride, are human -made.
The combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation release carbon, in the form
of carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere that historically has been stored un-
derground in sediments or in surface vegetation. With the accelerated in-
crease of fossil fuel combustion and deforestation since the industrial revolu-
tion of the 19th century, concentrations of GHGs have increased exponential-
ly in the atmosphere. Increases in the atmospheric concentrations of GHGs
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FIGURE 1 -1 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
in excess of natural ambient concentrations contribute to the enhancement of
the natural greenhouse effect.
This enhanced greenhouse effect has contributed to global warming, which is
an increased rate of warming of the earth's surface temperature. Specifically,
increases in GHGs lead to increased absorption of longwave infrared radia-
tion by the earth's atmosphere and warm the lower atmosphere further,
thereby increasing evaporation rates and temperatures near the surface.
Warming of the earth's lower atmosphere induces large -scale changes in ocean
circulation patterns, precipitation patterns, global ice cover, biological distri-
butions, and other large -scale changes to the earth system.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by
the World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment
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Programme to assess scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information
relevant to the understanding of climate change, its potential impacts, and
options for adaptation and mitigation. The IPCC estimates that the average
global temperature rise between the years 2000 and 2100 could range from
LVC, with no increase in GHG emissions above year 2000 levels, to G.4 °C,
with a substantial increase in GHG emissions.' Large increases in global tem-
peratures could have massive deleterious impacts on the natural and human
environments. The prevailing opinion among scientists is that most of the
change in temperatures observed in the last 50 years is the result of human
activities!
Scientific studies, best represented by the IPCC's periodic reports, demon-
strate that climate change is already occurring due to past GHG emissions.
Forecasting of future growth and related GHG emissions under business as
usual (BAU) conditions, which are discussed further in Chapter 3, indicates
large increases in those GHG emissions accompanied by an increasing severi-
ty of changes in global climate. Thus, the best scientific evidence concludes
that global emissions must be reduced below current levels.
B. Regulatory Action Related to Greenhouse Gases
As GHGs gain increasing attention, government agencies and organizations
are working to develop and implement solutions to control GHG emissions
' IPCC, 2007, Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report, Contribution of Work-
ing Groups 1, H and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A.(eds.)], IPCC,
Geneva, Switzerland.
z Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, "Summary for Policy -
makers" in Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Wodcing
Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 2007, Cambridge. United Kingdom and New York, NY, USAL: Cambridge
University Press, page 10.
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and slow their effects on natural ecosystems. The major efforts are described
in this section.
1. Federal Laws and Regulations
The United States has relatively limited federal regulations and policies relat-
ed to GHG emissions. However, in December 2009, the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) found that elevated concentrations of the six key
GHGs in the atmosphere, which are discussed further in Section A, endanger
the public health and welfare of current and future generations. These find-
ings were consistent and in compliance with the 2007 US Supreme Court de-
cision in Massachusetts vs. EPA, which found that the EPA can regulate
GHG pollution under the Clean Air Act. While the EPA's endangerment
finding does not automatically impose any requirements, it allowed EPA to
finalize GHG emission standards for light -duty vehicles in May 2010 and
heavy -duty vehicles in August 2011, which were developed in collaboration
with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Additionally, on
January 2, 2011, the EPA announced that it would regulate GHG emissions
from major stationary sources of GHGs, including oil refineries and fossil
fuel burning power plants, through modifications to the existing Clean Air
Act permitting programs.
2. State Laws and Regulations
California has been a leader among states in passing legislation to reduce
GHG emissions. Major laws and regulations are described below.
a. Energy Efficiency Standards (1978)
Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations, Energy Efficiency
Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, was established in
1978 to address a legislative mandate to reduce the State's energy consump-
tion. The standards are updated roughly every three years to incorporate
new energy efficiency goals, methods, and technologies. The 2008 standards
went into effect on January 1, 2010, and require buildings to be approximate-
ly 15 percent more energy- efficient compared to the 2005 standards. These
standards are also discussed in Chapter 3.
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b. Clean Car Regulations (Assembly Bill 1493, 2002)
Assembly Bill (AB) 1493, Clean Car Regulations (commonly known as the
"Pavley law "), directed the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to adopt
regulations to decrease GHG emissions from new passenger vehicles and light
duty trucks beginning with the 2009 model year. Implementation of these
fuel efficiency standards, known as the "Pavley standards," was uncertain for
years due to EPA's denial of California's request for a waiver of Clean Air
Act Section 209(a), which was necessary to implement the Pavley standards.
However, in June 2009, the EPA granted California the authority to imple-
ment the standards. These standards are discussed further in Chapter 3.
c. Executive Order S -3 -05 (2005)
In 2005, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S -3 -05, which
established the goals of reducing emissions to 2000 levels by 2010, to 1990
levels by 2020, and to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. The Executive
Order identified the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal /EPA)
as the lead coordinating State agency for establishing GHG emission reduc-
tion targets in California, and designated a "Climate Action Team," a multi -
agency group of State agencies, to implement Executive Order S -3 -05. GHG
emission reduction strategies and measures to reduce global warming were
identified by the California Climate Action Team in 2006.
d. Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32, 2006)
In 2006, California Governor Schwarzenegger signed AB 32, the Global
Warming Solutions Act, into law. The Act requires that California cap its
GHG emissions at 1990 levels by 2020. AB 32 also requires that CARB iden-
tify discrete early actions to reduce emissions that could be implemented im-
mediately and develop a statewide scoping plan to identify how to meet the
emissions reduction targets.
CARB identified a list of nine early actions, including landfill methane gas
capture, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) that is discussed further in
Section B.2.e below, and a tire pressure program. CARB's Climate Change
Scoping Plan, adopted in December 2008, outlines regulations, market mech-
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anisms, and other actions to achieve the maximum technologically - feasible
and cost - effective reductions in GHG emissions by 2020. The Scoping Plan
recommends achieving a statewide energy mix with 33 percent from renewa-
ble energy sources, developing a California cap- and -trade program that will be
part of a regional carbon market through the Western Climate Initiative, and
expanding and strengthening existing energy efficiency programs and building
and appliance standards.
e. Executive Order S -01 -07 (2007)
Executive Order S- 01 -07, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger in 2007, estab-
lishes a LCFS for transportation fuels sold in California. This standard,
which is also discussed in Chapter 3, will reduce the carbon content of pas-
senger vehicle fuels in California by at least 10 percent by 2020.'
f. Regional Transportation and Land Use Planning Efforts (SB 375, 2008)
In 2008, California enacted Senate Bill (SB) 375 to augment AB 32 by promot-
ing efficient land use patterns and curbing sprawl. SB 375 establishes emis-
sions reduction goals for which regions can plan; encourages metropolitan
planning organizations (MPOs) to integrate their housing, transportation, and
regional land use plans with GHG reduction goals; and provides incentives
for governments and developers to implement compact and efficient growth
patterns. Under SB 375, the 18 MPOs in California must prepare a "sustaina-
ble communities strategy" to reduce the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in their
regions and demonstrate their ability to reach the CARB targets. SB 375 also
includes incentives to create walkable and attractive communities and to revi-
talize existing communities. The legislation also allows developers to stream-
line environmental reviews under CEQA if they build projects consistent
with the new sustainable communities' strategies. SB 375 enhances CARB's
s On December 29, 2011, the US District Court for the Eastern District of
California issued several rulings in federal lawsuits challenging the LCFS. One of the
courts rulings preliminarily enjoins CARB from enforcing the regulation during the
pendency of the litigation. In January 2012, CARB appealed the decision and on
April 23, 2012, the Ninth Circuit Court granted CARB's motion for a stay of the
injunction while it continues to consider CARB's appeal of the lower court's decision.
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ability to reach the AB 32 goals by directing the agency in developing region-
al GHG emission reduction targets to be achieved from the transportation
sector for 2020 and 2035.
g. Heavy Duty Vehicle GHG Emissions Reduction Measure (2008)
In December 2008, CARB adopted the Heavy Duty Vehicle GHG Emission
Reduction Measure, which requires long -haul truckers to retrofit their trailers
with fuel efficient tires and aerodynamic devices. This requirement will im-
prove the fuel economy of heavy duty vehicles, reducing GHG emissions.
h. Sulfur Hexafluorfde Emissions Reductions Measures
In February 2010, CARB adopted regulations to reduce sulfur hexafluoride
emissions from semiconductor applications, and in January 2011, CARB be-
gan implementation of measures to reduce emissions of sulfur hexafluoride
from non - semiconductor applications. These measures include reporting and
reduction requirements for semiconductor operations as well as new re-
strictions on the use and sale of sulfur hexafluoride.
3. Regional Policies and Measures
The Bay Area Air Quality Management District ( BAAQMD) initiated the
regional Climate Protection Program in 2005. The Program includes a varie-
ty of measures, including outreach, data collection, and technical assistance,
among others, in an effort to move toward GHG reductions. In May of 2008,
BAAQMD adopted a first of its kind program to charge large stationary
sources for their GHG emissions. All pollution sources for which an air qual-
ity permit is required are now also required to estimate their GHG emissions
and pay a fee of $0.042 per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent
(MTCC 2e).
Consistent with SB 375, the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG)
and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) have undertaken
efforts to link land use and transportation to GHG emission reduction goals
through a sustainable communities strategy. MTC has committed the Bay
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Area region, including Los Gatos, to a 15- percent reduction in GHGs by
2035.
4. Town Policies and Measures
In 2007, the Town formalized its commitment to take action to significantly
reduce global warming pollution by signing the "US Mayors Climate Protec-
tion Agreement." This Agreement, passed unanimously by the US Confer-
ence of Mayors, calls for taking action to meet or beat the GHG emissions
reduction target of 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012.
In 2008, the Town passed a resolution adopting the Cities for Climate Protec-
tion Campaign (CCP) led by the International Council for Local Environ-
mental Initiatives (ICLEI) Local Governments for Sustainability. The CCP
helps local governments and communities to reduce GHG emissions and
their associated environmental impacts. Jurisdictions that join the CCP
commit to a five -step process:
1. Measure emissions of GHGs;
2. Commit to an emissions reduction target associated with a specific target
year;
3. Adopt specific measures or take specific actions, described in a local plan,
to reach the reduction target;
4. Implement the local plan; and
5. Monitor emissions reductions achieved by implementing the plan.4
This Sustainability Plan is Los Gatos' plan to accomplish the five steps above.
ICLEI Mitigation Programs, as described at http: //w .iclei.org/
index.php ?id = 10828, accessed May 3, 2012.
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C. Sustainability Challenges
The effect of GHGs is one of the most critical challenges facing society today.
Overcoming these effects will require substantial efforts from government,
organizations, and individuals. Meeting Los Gatos' reduction target will re-
quire both persistence and adaptability. The Town needs to prioritize ac-
tions; mobilize residents, business owners, and staff; and work with neighbor-
ing jurisdictions and regional agencies to create workable solutions.
Like other communities in California and around the world, the Town of Los
Gatos faces a number of sustainability challenges, including the effects of
GHGs. This section describes sustainability challenges related to the sectors
covered in this Sustainability Plan.
1. Transportation and Land Use
During the second half of the 20" century, transportation and driving pat-
terns in the US shifted dramatically, with per- capita VMT increasing by
around 140 percent between and 1956 and 1998.5 This growth in VMT is the
result of increasing car trips and increasing average trip length. These increas-
es have been driven by a variety of factors, including changes in de-
mographics, land use, urban design, and public transportation systems.
As the proportion of two- income households grew and as jobs shifted to areas
further from the traditional urban core, lengthy car commutes became in-
creasingly common. This has been true of Los Gatos, as more residents work
farther afield in Silicon Valley and San Francisco. Over this same time peri-
od, changes in land use and in building and streetscape design likewise con-
tributed to increased car trips. Emphasis on the separation of uses and driver
convenience often came at the disadvantage of pedestrians and other non-
automotive users. As commercial areas became more disconnected from resi-
dential neighborhoods, it became less convenient to reach these destinations
by means other than a car. Auto - oriented designs, which can be unpleasant,
5 Puentes, Robert and Adie Tomer, 2008, The Road... Less Traveled* An Analy-
sis of Veluele Miles Traveled Trends in the U.S., Brookings Institution, Washington D.C.
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intimidating, or even dangerous for non - drivers, have made non - automotive
transportation modes more difficult and less appealing to use. Additionally,
public transit systems have seen their coverage decreased and their services
cut, and in some cases they been removed completely.
Because of the impediments created by development and design, driving is
often the only viable mode of transportation. Consequently, residents have
fewer opportunities for physical activity, and those who cannot drive, includ-
ing children, seniors, and disabled people, can have trouble accessing services.
2. Energy
Energy production is a major economic, security, and environmental chal-
lenge at the local, national, and global levels. Although Los Gatos receives its
energy from Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG &E), which provides an
energy mix that is much cleaner than what many other US utilities provide, it
still relies on fossil fuels - coal, off, and natural gas - for about half of its ener-
gy. s
The US imports approximately 60 percent of its petroleum and 15 percent of
its natural gas from foreign countries, a dependence that makes our economy
and security vulnerable to political and resource instability in other parts of
the world.
The combustion of fossil fuels to produce heat or electricity, or to power in-
ternal combustion engines, is a main contributor to GHG emissions and oth-
er environmental problems. Because fossil fuels are found deep in the ground,
they must be extracted and transported to provide energy. Surface and
groundwater pollution can occur during extraction, storage, and transporta-
tion. Land subsidence can result when oil and gas are removed from below
ground with nothing left to support the land above. There is also the poten-
5 Pacific Gas and Electric website, http: / /www.pge.com /myhome/
environment /pge /clemenergy /, accessed on May 1, 2012.
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tial for storage tank leakage and oil spills during transportation, causing wide-
spread pollution and requiring costly cleanup efforts.
There are numerous strategies to reduce fossil fuel dependence and decrease
carbon emissions, which generally fall into three main categories:
♦ Energy Conservation. This is a quick and cost - effective strategy to re-
duce GHG emissions and decrease dependence on non- renewable sources
of energy. Strategies include land use patterns that increase walking and
bicycling, reducing electricity consumption, and efficient technologies
such as ENERGY STAR products that use less electricity, natural gas,
and water.
♦ Renewable and Alternative Energy Sources. These sources include so-
lar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and alternative vehicle fuels. In recent
years, increased research and development has been devoted to expanding
the supply and increasing the deployment of these sources.
♦ Carbon Capture and Storage. Carbon capture and storage includes
technological strategies to sequester carbon emissions from large pollu-
tion sources so that they don't enter the atmosphere.
3. Water
Though the 2010 -2011 water year brought some relief to drought conditions
in California, the winter of 2011 -2012 marked the fourth year of dry condi-
tions within the past five. The year 2009 featured the driest spring and sum-
mer on record, low water content in the Sierra snowpack, and a historic low
in the State's reservoir levels. In 2008, the Sacramento and San Joaquin River
systems that provide a large portion of the State's reservoir inflow were classi-
fied as Critically Dry. As of early 2009, the drought had damaged crops and
prevented farmers from planting or replanting 100,000 acres of agricultural
land, causing agricultural revenue losses of more than $300 million.' Such
drought conditions also threaten aquatic ecosystems, increase the risk of wild-
fires, increase food prices, and harm livelihoods dependent on agriculture,
' Office of the Governor, State of California, February 27, 2009, Press Re-
lease, Gov. Sclovarzenegger Takes Acaon to Address California's MterShortage.
1 -12
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
INTRODUCTION
natural resources, and tourism. Responding to these wide - ranging impacts,
Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed a State of Emergency in Feb-
ruary 2009, calling for an immediate 20 percent reduction in water use by
urban water users and the use of efficient water management practices by ag-
ricultural users.8
4. Solid Waste
The production and transport of consumer products creates large amounts of
GHGs. A large percentage of these products are disposed of after only one
use, requiring more raw materials to be extracted to replace these products.
Making new products or buildings from raw materials generally requires
more energy, uses more water, and creates more air and water pollution than
reusing materials or making the same product from recycled materials, there-
by increasing GHG emissions.
Once in the landfill, solid waste continues to emit GHGs, most notably me-
thane, which is approximately 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide in
terms of its global warming impacts .9 Landfills also release harmful contami-
nants such as vinyl chloride and benzene. In addition, the combination of
rainwater and other liquids with layers of solid waste at landfills produces
leachate, a harmful substance that contains contaminants such as benzene and
volatile halocarbons.10 Leachate causes soil, surface water, and groundwater
contamination. Poor management of solid waste operations can increase dis-
ease vectors and creates nuisances related to odor, litter, and dust.
The GHG emissions and other environmental problems associated with solid
waste can be reduced through increased diversion from landfills by reducing
consumption, reusing, and recycling. The Town of Los Gatos has made sig-
a Office of the Governor, State of California, February 27, 2009, Press Re-
lease, Gov. Schcvarzenegger Takes Action to Address California's VVater Shortage.
5 US Environmental Protection Agency website, http: / /v✓ .epa.gov/
outreach /scientific.html, accessed on May 1, 2012.
Ia US Environmental Protection Agency website, http: / /www.epa.gov/
waste /nonhaz/ municipal /landfill /bioreactors.htm, accessed on March 1, 2010.
1 -13
T O W N OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I N T R O D U C T I O N
nificant strides in the area of waste diversion by exceeding State standards and
diverting 56 percent of its solid waste in its most recent certification by
CalRecycle. The Town has achieved these high diversion levels through a
variety of programs, such as recycling, including Downtown recycling recep-
tacles; construction waste salvage and reuse; and e -waste collection efforts. By
continuing these efforts and by implementing new programs, Los Gatos
stands to continue to make significant reductions to waste disposal.
5. Open Space
Los Gatos has approximately 1,940 acres of woodland /forestland in the
hillsides surrounding the Town, and 75 acres of agricultural land, including
orchards. The largest proportion of farmland acreage in the town is in the
North Forty area,° which contains orchard trees, including walnut (/uglans
sp.) and fruit trees. These open space areas can store carbon in the trees and
plants. Conversion of these open space lands to development can release
GHGs into the atmosphere.12 Development of forests or orchard land can
result in the release of nitrous oxide emissions from soil oxidation and carbon
dioxide emissions from removal of plant materials that store carbon.
D. Existing Sustainability Efforts in Los Gatos
The Town of Los Gatos has already initiated many plans and programs that
will improve sustainability in the town; this section describes these efforts.
1. Los Gatos 2020 General Plan
The Los Gatos 2020 General Plan has a strong emphasis on sustainability. In
particular, the Environment and Sustainability Element guides the Town in
making decisions that will conserve resources, reduce waste, and protect and
enhance natural resources and the environment by promoting the sustainabil-
n There is a Specific Plan application for the North Forty area that is currently
being reviewed by the Town.
12 International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006. IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and IPCC, 2000, Good Practice Guidance and
Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
1 -14
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
INTRODUCTION
ity of resources and the Town's natural ecology for both current and future
generations. This Element also contains goals, policies, and actions designed
specifically to reduce GHG emissions, including Action ENV -13.1, which
directs the Town to prepare this Sustainability Plan.
2. Local Programs
The Town of Los Gatos has implemented a wide variety of programs to in-
crease sustainability. The Sustainability Plan would seek to create new pro-
grams as well as strengthen existing ones. The following is a partial list of Los
Gatos's sustainability efforts, with an emphasis on some of the most impact -
ful initiatives:
• International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Mem-
bership: In 2008, the Los Gatos Town Council voted to join ICLEI. By
becoming an ICLEI member, the Town committed to efforts to quantify,
monitor, and reduce its GHG emissions as part of the Cities for Climate
Protection Campaign.
• City Solar Award: In 2007, the Town of Los Gatos was honored with the
City Solar Award for its leadership and achievements in photovoltaic so-
lar installations.
• Waste Reduction: As mentioned above, the Town has exceeded State
standards by diverting 56 percent of its solid waste, per the Town's most
recent review by CalRecycle.
• Green Building: In 2008, the Town of Los Gatos adopted LEED and
GreenPoint rating systems as its green building standards and adopted a
LEED Silver standard for municipal construction and renovations.
• Biodiesel: All of the Town's heavy -duty, diesel - fueled vehicles and
equipment run on biodiesel.
• CaliforniaFIRST: Los Gatos participates in this statewide program that
helps fmance residential and commercial energy- efficiency improvements.
• Green Business Certification: Through the Town's formal efforts to
conserve resources, prevent pollution, and minimize waste in its opera-
tions, Los Gatos is certified as a Green Business by Santa Clara County.
1 -15
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
INTRODUCTION
♦ PG &E's ClimateSmart Program: The Town's participation in this pro-
gram allowed it to offset all of its identified GHG emissions from munic-
ipal facilities, through support of forest planting and preservation. How-
ever, as of publication of this Sustainability Plan, this program recently
ended.
s Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance: First adopted by the Town in
1992, and since updated to comply with the State's Model Water Efficient
Landscape Ordinance, this ordinance promotes conservation and efficient
use of water.
o Wood Burning Ordinance: This ordinance restricts the sale and use of
fireplaces and other wood - burning appliances that do not meet federal
EPA standards.
E Climate Change Adaptation
The Town of Los Gatos is a participant in ABAG's Multijurisdictional Local
Hazard Mitigation Plan for the San Francisco Bay Area. The Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan describes mitigation actions that the Town will implement in
order to "maintain and enhance a disaster - resistant region." The major haz-
ards covered by this plan include weather- related hazards that arc affected by
climate change, including flooding, landslides, wildfires, and drought, as well
as climate change itself. Therefore, this plan represents the strategies that the
Town will implement to adapt to the environmental changes that are antici-
pated to result from climate change.
F. Public Outreach and Participation
The Town has adopted multiple strategies to incorporate public participation
in various sustainability efforts, including the development of this Sustainabil-
ity Plan as described in this section.
1 -16
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I N T R O D U C T I O N
1. Los Gatos Growing Greener Together Campaign
The Los Gatos Growing Greener Together Campaign seeks to provide the
public with news regarding the Town's sustainability efforts, information on
how citizens can participate and contribute, and tips for making green choices
in their own lives and activities. The campaign publishes a regular newsletter
to publicize this information.
2. Sustainability Plan Community Workshop and Public Comment
Period
The Town held a Community Workshop on January 30, 2012 to discuss draft
sustainability targets and measures for this Sustainability Plan. The work-
shop included a formal presentation to acquaint participants with the princi-
ples of sustainability planning. Participants were given the opportunity to
view and comment upon comprehensive lists of potential communitywide
and municipal measures for GHG reduction, as well as to suggest other po-
tential measures. These comments served to influence which measures were
emphasized and included in the Sustainability Plan. Notes from the work-
shop are included as Appendix A.
Following this workshop, the Town initiated a three -week public comment
period during which members of the public could comment on the prelimi-
nary measures and suggest other measures. Suggestions received during this
comment period were incorporated into this Sustainability Plan.
1 -17
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I N T R O D U C T I O N
1 -18
2 EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
This chapter summarizes existing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the
Town of Los Gatos resulting from the following sectors: transportation, resi-
dential and non - residential energy use, solid waste disposal, water and
wastewater, and other sources.
Los Gatos' baseline GHG inventory was compiled as a three -year average
(2006 to 2008) using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod),
pursuant to the recommendations of the Bay Area Air Quality Management
District ( BAAQMD).' Between 2006 and 2008, Los Gatos's average annual
communitywide GHG emissions were 381,640 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MTCD2e)- The results of the inventory are shown in Table 2 -1.
Appendix B provides the technical documentation for this inventory.
A. Transportation Emissions
Transportation sources of GHG emissions are a result of fuel combustion
from the burning of fossil fuels, including gasoline and diesel, and from on-
road mobile sources (e.g. passenger vehicles and trucks). Transportation
emissions are based on trips generated by land uses within Los Gatos. Trans-
portation emissions exclude "through trips" that have no origin or destination
within the town because the Town cannot affect the choices of these drivers.
Vehicle mile traveled (VMT) was compiled by Fehr & Peers for the Town of
Los Gatos for 2005. GHG emissions from the transportation sector are as-
sumed to be similar for year 2005 through 2008. GHG emissions from VMT
generated by land uses within the town were compiled using the California
Air Resources Board's (CARB) Emissions Factors 2011 (EMFAC2011) pro-
gram and are shown in Table 2 -2.
' Because energy use and water use fluctuate, BAAQMD recommends obtain-
ing a three -year average for these categories. This inventory reflects a three -year aver-
age for natural gas and purchased energy use, but three years of data was unavailable
for water use. A three -year average was also compiled for waste disposal.
2 -1
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 2 -1 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Notes: Emissions rounded to the nearest tens place.
EMFAC2011 based on VMT provided by Fehr & Peers.
"Natural gas and purchased energy provided by PG &E.
LGOP Landfill Gas Estimator Version L2 based on waste disposal obtained from CalRecy-
cle.
a LGOP Version 1.1 based on water /wastewater use in the town.
Estimate of stationary equipment use for agricultural, lawn and garden, light commercial,
and construction equipment using OFFROAD2007.
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2011.
TABLE 2 -2 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM TRANSPORTATION SOURCES
Vehicle Miles Traveled
GHG Emissions
Daily Annual MTCO2e /Year
1,766,310 519,080,770 248,150
Notes: Daily VMT is multiplied by 347 days /year to account for reduced traffic an weekends
and holidays, consistent with the CARB methodology within the Climate Change Seeping
Plan Measure Documentation Supplement. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place.
Source: EMFAC2011.
2 -2
GHG Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year)
Percent
of Total
Transportation'
248.150
65%
Residential°
69,170
18%
Non - Residential"
47,380
12%
Solid Waste Disposal`
10,060
3%
Water/Wastewater'
3,210
1°%
Other Emissions°
3,670
1°%
Total
381,640
100%
Notes: Emissions rounded to the nearest tens place.
EMFAC2011 based on VMT provided by Fehr & Peers.
"Natural gas and purchased energy provided by PG &E.
LGOP Landfill Gas Estimator Version L2 based on waste disposal obtained from CalRecy-
cle.
a LGOP Version 1.1 based on water /wastewater use in the town.
Estimate of stationary equipment use for agricultural, lawn and garden, light commercial,
and construction equipment using OFFROAD2007.
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2011.
TABLE 2 -2 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM TRANSPORTATION SOURCES
Vehicle Miles Traveled
GHG Emissions
Daily Annual MTCO2e /Year
1,766,310 519,080,770 248,150
Notes: Daily VMT is multiplied by 347 days /year to account for reduced traffic an weekends
and holidays, consistent with the CARB methodology within the Climate Change Seeping
Plan Measure Documentation Supplement. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place.
Source: EMFAC2011.
2 -2
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N I A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
B. Residential Emissions
Residential land uses generate GHG emissions primarily from purchased elec-
tricity and natural gas used for heating and cooking. Pacific Gas and Electric
Company (PG &E) provided residential purchased energy use and natural gas
use for years 2006 to 2008. This data is shown in Table 2 -3.
C. Non Residential Emissions
The non - residential category includes GHG emissions associated with com-
mercial, office, and industrial land uses. Non - residential land uses generate
GHG emissions primarily from purchased electricity and natural gas used for
heating and cooking (e.g. restaurants). PG &E provided data on non-
residential purchased energy use and natural gas use for years 2006 to 2008, as
shown in Table 2 -4.
D. Solid Waste Disposal Emissions
Treatment and disposal of solid waste produces a significant amount of me-
thane. In addition, solid waste disposal sites produce biogenic carbon dioxide.
However, biogenic sources of GHG emissions are not included as part of a
communitywide GHG inventory pursuant to the methodology of
BAAQMD. Waste reduction, recycling, and reuse are the primary means by
which waste disposal can be reduced. Most operating landfills in California
also implement a landfill gas recovery system as a common way to reduce
methane emissions from solid waste disposal.
The California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecy-
cle) maintains a disposal reporting system (DRS) to document waste disposal
z Burning wood is considered a biogenic source of carbon dioxide (a GHG) be-
cause the carbon is associated with recently living organic material. Biogenic sources
of GHG emissions are not included as part of a communitywide GHG inventory pur-
suant to the methodology of BAAQMD.
2 -3
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 2 -3 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM RESIDENTIAL LAND USES
GHG Emissions
Source Energy Usage MTCO2e /Year
Residential Building Purchased Energy 96,708,760 kWh 25,520
Residential Building Natural Gas 6,864,462 therms 43,650
Total 69,170
Notes: Based on the three -year average energy use from 2006 to 2008. Excludes properties
owned by another governmental entity that are outside the land use authority of the Town
of Los Gatos (e.g. County or Setejurisdietion). Based on PG &E's third -party verified GHG
emission factors. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place. "kWh" = kilowatt hours.
Source: PG &E, 2011, GHG Inventory Report for the Town of Los Gatos. Provided by John
Joseph, Green Communities and Innovator Pilots Program.
TABLE 2 -4 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM NON- RESIDENTIAL LAND USES
GHG Emissions
Source Energy Usage Worts CO2e /Year
Non- Residential Building Purchased 106,638,269 kWh 28,180
Non - Residential Building Natural
3,018,720 therms 19,200
Gas
Total 47,380
Notes: Based on the three -year average energy use from 2006 to 2008. Excludes properties
owned by another government entity that are outside the land use authority of the Town of Los
Gatos (e.g. County or State jurisdiction). Based on PG &E's third -party verified GHG emission
factors. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place. "kWh" = kilowatt hours.
Source: PG &E, 2011, GHG Inventory Report for the Town of Los Gatos. Provided by John Jo-
seph, Green Communities and Innovator Pilots Program.
by jurisdiction and facility; this system was used to identify GHG emissions
from solid waste generated in Los Gatos. The system tracks solid waste dis-
posal and alternative daily cover (ADC) that is used as a temporary overlay
2 -4
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
on an exposed landfill face to reduce insects and vermin. Typical ADC mate-
rials include green materials, sludge, ash and kiln residue, compost, construc-
tion and demolition debris, and special foams and fabric; these materials con-
tribute to the total solid waste disposal documented for Los Gatos.
GHG emissions generated from solid waste disposal are estimated based on
methodology described by the International Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). This method assumes that emissions of methane from waste deposit-
ed in a landfill are highest in the Hirst few years after deposition, and then
gradually decline as the degradable carbon in the waste is consumed by the
bacteria responsible for the decay.'
The Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) Landfill Emissions
Tool, Version 1.2 was used to calculate average annual GHG emissions from
communitywide waste disposed in a given year. Pursuant to BAAQMD's
methodology, a three -year average (2006 to 2008) was compiled. Between
2006 and 2008, Los Gatos disposed of an average of 22,666 tons of solid waste
and 8,045 tons of ADC, for a total disposal of 31,711 tons of solid waste. The
vast majority (approximately 75 percent) of solid waste generated by the town
is disposed at the Guadalupe Landfill, which has an active landfill gas collec-
tion and closed flare system.° A landfill gas control efficiency of 75 percent
was assumed based on the default value recommended by the LGOP. How-
ever, most large landfills, such as the Guadalupe Landfill, have clay or ge-
omembrane covers, which have a gas collection efficiency of 85 to 90 percent,
respectively.' Therefore, GHG emissions estimates for Los Gatos from waste
disposal are conservative. Table 2 -5 shows total GHG emissions from waste
disposal for the town.
' International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006, IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
' The Newby Island Landfill, which receives approximately 22 percent of the
waste from Los Gatos, also has a landfill gas capture system. Other landfills receive
less than 3 percent of the town's waste.
s BAAQMD, April 2008, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Landfill Gas and Industrial,
Institutional, and Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters. Prepared
by UR$ Corporation.
2 -5
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINAa1LITV PLAN
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
E. WaterlWastewaterEmissions
Water demand and wastewater generation in Los Gatos result in indirect
GHG emissions associated with the energy required to convey, treat, and
distribute potable water and fugitive emissions of methane and nitrous oxide
from wastewater treatment. Table 2 -6 shows GHG emissions from the
town's water use and wastewater generation.
Wastewater treatment processes produce fugitive GHG emissions. Under
anaerobic conditions, microorganisms biodegrade soluble organic material in
wastewater during both nitrification and denitrification and generate nitrous
oxide emissions. These are shown in Table 2 -6 as Fugitive Emissions.
The majority of households and businesses in Los Gatos are connected to the
West Valley Sanitation Districts sanitary sewer system. Wastewater connect-
ed to the Sanitary sewer system in Los Gatos is treated at the San Jose /Santa
Clara Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP). The San Jose /Santa Clara
WPCP is treated with an advanced tertiary system. Treated water is dis-
charged as fresh water through the Artesian Slough and into the South San
Francisco Bay. A smaller portion of households in the hillsides are on sepa-
rate septic tank systems; emissions from septic tank systems are also included
in Table 2 -6 e
F. Other Emissions
Other sources of GHG emissions include the combustion of fossil fuels for
stationary equipment (e.g. agricultural equipment and landscaping). This cat-
egory represents GHG emissions from off -road equipment exhaust; the calcu-
lation of emissions from this category is based on guidance from BAAQMD.
CARB's OFFROAD2007 model calculates these stationary Sources of
s For the purpose of this inventory, the percentage of residents connected to
septic tanks is assumed to represent no more than 10 percent of all housing units in
the town.
2 -6
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S L I S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 2 -5 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM WASTE DISPOSAL
Methane Fugitive Methane GHG
Generated Not Captured Emissions
(Metric Tons /Year) (Metric Tans /Year)a (MTCO2e /Year)
1,917 479 10,060
Notes: Bfogenic carbon dioxide is not included. Highest emissions occur approximately three
years after disposal. An aggregated three years of emissions was used to account for cumulative
disposal (waste -in- place). Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place.
' Assumes a landfill gas control efficiency of 75 percent based on the LGOP.
Source: CARE, 2010, Landfill Emissions Tool, Version 1.2.
TABLE 2 -6
BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM WATER USE AND WASTEWATER GENERATION
Energy
Energy
Fugitive
Total GHG
(Megawatt
Emissions
Emissions
Emissions
Hours/
(MTCO2e/
(MTCO2e
(MTCO2e
Land Use
Year)'
Year)b
/Year)`
/Year)
Residential
7,222
1,890
860
2,760
Non - Residential 734
190
260
450
Total
7,957
2,090
1,130
3,210
Notes: Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place; emissions do not always add up due to
rounding.
Energy associated with water conveyance, treatment, and distribution, and wastewater treat-
ment.
Based on GHG emission factors provided by PG &E.
`CARB, May 2010, LGOP, Version I.I. Assumes 10 percent of the town is on septic (resulting
in higher GHG emissions from anaerobic decomposition).
Source: Based on water demand and wastewater generation estimated in the Town of Los Gatos
General Plan Update Environmental Impact Report (March 2010).
emissions on a countywide level. Pursuant to BAAQMD guidance, station-
ary emissions for the Town of Los Gatos are estimated based on the percent-
age of the Santa Clara County inventory that represents the Town's GHG
emissions, as described below.
2 -7
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
1. Agricultural Equipment
Agricultural activities generate emissions from fuel used in off -road equip-
ment used in agricultural production, nitrogen added to managed soils, and
emissions of carbon dioxide from lime and urea containing fertilizers. GHG
emissions from agricultural equipment use within the town were estimated
based on the acres of existing agricultural land use identified in the Town of
Los Gatos 2020 General Plan compared to the total amount of land under
agricultural production in Santa Clara County. The General Plan indicates
that there are currently about 75 acres of farmland in Los Gatos. Due to the
small amount of area dedicated to agricultural production and the limited
intensity of the agricultural operations, GHG emissions from nitrogen and
carbon dioxide emissions from fertilizer application are nominal and are as-
sumed to represent less than 0.1 percent of the town's communitywide GHG
emissions inventory. Therefore, these GHG emissions are not included in
the inventory. However, an estimate of GHG emissions from the use of sta-
tionary equipment for agricultural areas is provided.
GHG emissions from agricultural off road equipment exhaust were estimated
using CARB's OFFROAD2007 program. GHG emissions are based on the
proportion of farmland acres in the town compared to farmland acres in San-
ta Clara County in 2008. Farmland acreage for Santa Clara County is based
on the County Department of Agriculture's 2010 Santa Clara County Agri-
cultural Report. Farmland acreage in Los Gatos is approximately 0.03 per-
cent of the total acreage under agricultural production in Santa Clara Coun-
ty.7
2. Lawn and Garden Equipment
Landscaping equipment used within Los Gatos generates stationary sources of
GHG emissions. GHG emissions from landscaping and garden off -road
equipment exhaust are estimated using CARB's OFFROAD2007 program.
7 County of Santa Clara, Department of Agricultural Resources, 2011. 2010
Santa Clara County Agricultural Crop Report.
2 -8
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
GHG emissions are based on the proportion of residential units in Los Gatos
compared to residential units in Santa Clara County in 2008.8
3. Light Commercial Equipment
Commercial land uses may generate GHG emissions from stationary equip-
ment, including generators, pressure washers, welders, and pumps. GHG
emissions from light commercial stationary equipment are estimated using
CARB's OFFROAD2007 program. GHG emissions are based on the pro-
portion of all employment in Los Gatos compared to all employment in San-
ta Clara County in 2008.°
4. Construction Equipment
Construction activities in Los Gatos generate GHG emissions from fuel used
in off -road equipment. GHG emissions from construction equipment ex-
haust are estimated using CARB's OFFROAD2007 program. GHG emis-
sions are based on the proportion of residential building permits issued in Los
Gatos compared to residential permits issued in Santa Clara County in 2008.10
5. Summary
Other sources of GHG emissions in Los Gatos based on CARB's OF-
FROAD2007 program summarized above are shown in Table 2 -7.
G. Sectors Not Included
1. Industrial GHG Emissions
Los Gatos does not have major industrial stationary point or area sources of
GHG emissions. Pursuant to a phone conversation with BAAQMD, the
8 Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), 2009. San Francisco Bay Area
Housing Data, http: / /www.abag.ca. gov /pdfs /2009_Housing_Data.pdf.
Caltrans, 2008. Santa Clara County Economic Forecast, http: / /www.dot.ca.
gov/hq/tpp/offices/ote/socio—economic files/2008/Sa nta_Clara. pdf.
10 Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), 2009. San Frandsco BayAr-
ea Housing Data, http: //v w.abag.ca .gov / pdfs /2009_Housing_Data.pdf. Assumes
non - residential building permits to be a similar percentage to residential permits.
2 -9
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 2 -7 BASELINE COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FROM OTHER EMISSIONS
Source
GHG Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year)
Agricultural Equipment
10
Lawn & Garden Equipment
690
Light Commercial Equipment
400
Construction Equipment
2,560
Total
3,670
Notes: Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place; emissions do not always add up due to
rounding.
Source: CARB, OFF -Road 2007. Based on the emissions inventory for the County of Santa
Clara, Year 2008.
only stationary sources of emissions permitted by BAAQMD in the Town of
Los Gatos include gas stations, which are typically accounted for in the GHG
inventory's commercial (non - residential) sector.° Consequently, this sector is
not included in the town's GHG emissions inventory.
2. Carbon Stock /Carbon Sequestration
The carbon stock /carbon sequestration sector is traditionally included as
"other emissions." As described in Chapter 1, Los Gatos has approximately
1,940 acres of woodland /forestland and 75 acres of agricultural land, including
orchards.
n Young, Abby, Principal Environmental Planner, Bay Area Air Quality
Management District (BAAQMD), Planning and Research, Air Quality Planning.
Phone conversation with Nicole Vermillion, The Planning Center I DC &E, Septem-
ber 8, 2011.
2 -10
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
Perennial woody vegetation, such as forests and orchards, can store significant
carbon in long -lived biomass." Development of forests or orchard land can
result in the release of nitrous oxide emissions from soil oxidation and carbon
dioxide emissions from removal of plant materials that store carbon. If future
projects result in the removal of a significant amount of biomass that is not
planned for in the General Plan, then the net loss of such materials should be
accounted for or described in the project's GHG emissions inventory. How-
ever, future projects that are consistent with the General Plan and Sustainabil-
ity Plan would not be required to account for removal of biomass in the pro-
ject's inventory; only projects that are not consistent with the General Plan
(e.g. development in an area that the General Plan designates as open space)
would be required to account for biomass removal. Moreover, the amount of
biomass stored in forested and orchard areas of the town, including the North
Forty area, does not constitute a substantial portion of the town's GHG
emissions. Therefore, carbon stock from agricultural biomass is not included
in this GHG emissions inventory.
Inventories typically quantify carbon sequestration from forestlands when
identifying GHG emissions benefits that would result from protecting or
managing those forests. In the Town of Los Gatos, this sector does not repre-
sent a source (generator) of GHG emissions and specific information neces-
sary to calculate the GHG emissions benefits from the existing carbon stock,
such as the number and age of trees in the forests, is not known. However,
the vast majority of woodland /forestland in Los Gatos is in the hillsides and
is not proposed for development, meaning that it would remain unchanged at
buildout of the General Plan. Minor changes in vegetation from buildout of
the General Plan would be nominal. This sector is not included in this base-
line inventory, nor in the future GHG emissions forecast included in Chap-
ter 3, because adequate data is not available and because there would be no
change in carbon sequestration from forestlands in the foreseeable future.
" International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006. IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; and IPCC, 2000, Good Practice Guidance and
Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
2 -11
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
3. Municipal Emissions
Emissions from Town government operations are a very small percentage of
the overall emissions within the border of Los Gatos. Therefore, the focus of
this Sustainability Plan is on the communitywide GHG emissions and on
measures to reduce those communitywide emissions. While this Plan in-
cludes measures that the Town will implement in order to reduce the emis-
sions from its municipal operations, such reductions will not significantly
affect the overall amount of GHGs emitted in Los Gatos, and the GHG emis-
sions reductions were not quantified. Because the reductions from municipal
measures were not quantified, the baseline municipal GHG emissions were
not quantified,
2 -12
3 2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL AND ADJUSTED GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS INVENTORY
This chapter summarizes forecasted greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the
year 2020 in the Town of Los Gatos generated by the GHG sectors included
in the baseline emissions inventory. This chapter discusses two forecast year
scenarios: business as usual (BAU) conditions and conditions after adjusting
for known State and federal regulations and standards that will be in effect by
the year 2020.
In its Scoping Plan, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) defines BAU
as emissions levels that would occur if California continued to grow and add
new GHG emissions, but did not adopt any measures to reduce emissions.
Projections for each emission - generating sector for the town were compiled
and used to estimate emissions for 2020 based on 2008 emissions intensities.
Under CARB's definition of BAU, new growth in the town is assumed to
have the same carbon intensities as 2008. Los Gatos' projected population,
housing, non - residential building square footage, and employment in 2020
were identified in the 2010 General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR),
as shown in Table 3 -1. Technical documentation for the BAU and adjusted
forecasts is provided in Appendix B.
A. Business As Usual Forecast
Table 3 -2 identifies the baseline communitywide GHG emissions inventory
and 2020 BAU emissions projection for the town based on the assumptions
for the individual GHG emissions sectors described in Section C.
B. Adjusted Forecast
State and federal regulations have been adopted that will require reductions in
GHG emissions from a wide range of activities, including how energy is gen-
erated and how vehicle fuels are formulated. These GHG reductions will
occur regardless of any measures that the Town of Los Gatos implements in
its Sustainability Plan. Therefore, the BAU forecast can be adjusted to reflect
these reductions, which helps to demonstrate the extent of additional GHG
3 -1
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL AND ADJUSTED
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 3 -1 EXISTING AND 2020 POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND
HOUSING PROJECTIONS
EMFAC2011 based on VMT provided by Fehr & Peers.
b Natural gas and purchased energy provided by PG &E.
` LGOP Landfill Gas Estimator Version 1.2 based on waste disposal obtained from CalRecycle.
d LGOP Version 1.1 based on water /wastewater use in the town.
`Estimate of stationary equipment use for agricultural, lawn and garden, light commercial, and
construction equipment using OFFROAD2007.
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2011.
3 -2
2008
Baseline
2020
Forecast
Change From
Existing
Population
28,810
32,600
3,790
Housing
12,130
13,730
1,600
Non Residential SF
4,081,350
5,024,560
943,210
Employment
18,820
21,480
2,660
Notes: SF —square feet.
Source: Town of Los Gatos, March, 2010, General Plan Update Envinmmenod Impact Report,
Table 3 -4 Housing, Population. and Job Growdi Under the Draft 2020 General Plan.
TABLE 3 -2 BASELINE AND FORECAST YEAR 2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL
COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
SUMMARY
2008
Baseline GHG
Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year)
2020
BAU GHG
Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year)
Increase
From
Baseline
(MTCO2e /Year)
Transportationa
248,150
290,180
42,030
Residential°
69,170
78,300
9,130
Non - Residential"
47,380
58,320
10,940
Solid Waste Disposal`
10,060
11,470
1,410
Water /Wastewaters
3,210
3,580
370
Other Emissionse
3,670
3,820
150
Total
381,640
445,670
64,030
EMFAC2011 based on VMT provided by Fehr & Peers.
b Natural gas and purchased energy provided by PG &E.
` LGOP Landfill Gas Estimator Version 1.2 based on waste disposal obtained from CalRecycle.
d LGOP Version 1.1 based on water /wastewater use in the town.
`Estimate of stationary equipment use for agricultural, lawn and garden, light commercial, and
construction equipment using OFFROAD2007.
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2011.
3 -2
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2 0 2 0 B U S I N E S S AS U S U A L A N D A D J U S T E D
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
emissions reductions required by Town actions to achieve the Town's target,
as discussed further in Chapter 4.
Table 3 -3 identifies the adjusted forecast year 2020 GHG emissions inventory
based on State and federal GHG regulations and programs currently in place.
This adjusted forecast accounts for GHG reductions from the State and feder-
al regulations described below.
1. Pavley I - Clean Car Standards and Federal Corporate Average Fuel
Economy Standards
CARB adopted amendments to the "Pavley" standards (Assembly Bill [ABJ
1493) on September 24, 2009 to reduce GHG emissions from light duty vehi-
cles and trucks. The Pavley amendments affect passenger vehicles from 2009
to 2016 and require manufactures to achieve higher fuel efficiency standards.
The Pavley regulation is anticipated to reduce GHG emissions from new pas-
senger vehicles by 31.4 percent for the 2016 model year.'
On April 1, 2010, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in line
with the Pavley regulation, adopted federal Corporate Average Fuel Econo-
my (CAFE) standards for model years 2012 through 2016. On January 24,
2011, the US EPA, the US Department of Transportation, and the State of
California announced a single timeframe for proposing the fuel economy and
GHG standards for model years 2017 to 2025 passenger vehicles. However,
these additional reductions are not accounted for in the adjusted forecast be-
cause they are not yet adopted by CARB or EPA.
2. Low Carbon Fuel Standard
CARB identified the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) as an early action
item in its Climate Change Scoping Plan, and adopted the LCFS regulation
on April 23, 2009; it became law on January 12, 2010. The LCFS requires a
' Based on a California fleet mix of 70 percent passenger cars and light duty
trucks (LDTI) and 30 percent light duty trucks (LDT2) as stated in CARB's 2008
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Reductions under CAFE Standards and GARB Regu-
lations Adopted Pursuant to AB 1493.
3 -3
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
2 0 2 0 B U S I N E S S AS U S U A L A N D A D J U S T E D
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 3 -3 BASELINE AND ADJUSTED FORECAST YEAR 2020
COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SUMMARY
Total 381,640 328,620 -53,020
EMFAC2011 based on VMT provided by Fehr & Peers.
Natural gas and purchased energy provided by PG &E.
`LGOP Version 1.1 based on water /wastewater use in die town.
d LGOP Landfill Gas Estimator Version 1.2 based on waste disposal obtained from CalRecycle.
e Estimate of stationary equipment use for agricultural, lawn and garden, light commercial, and
construction equipment using OFFROAD2007.
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2011,
reduction of at least 10 percent in the carbon intensity of California's trans-
portation fuels by 2020.
3. Renewable Portfolio Standard
A major component of California's Renewable Energy Program is the renew-
able portfolio standard (RPS) established under Public Utilities Code Article
16, Chapter 2.3, Part 1, Division 1 (Senate Bills [SB] 1078) and Public Utilities
Code Article 9, Chapter 3, Part 1, Division 1 (SB 107). Under the RPS, cer-
tain retail sellers of electricity were required to increase the amount of renew-
able energy each year by at least 1 percent in order to reach at least 20 percent
by December 30, 2010. CARB has now approved an even higher goal of 33
3 -4
2008
Baseline GHG
Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year)
2020
Adjusted GHG
Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year)
Decrease
from Baseline
(MTCO2e /Year)
Transportation'
248,150
222,060
-26,090
Residentialb
69,170
57,890
- 11,280
Non-Residential'
47,380
36,090
-11.290
Water /Wastewater`
3,210
2,440
-770
Solid Waste Disposald
10,060
6,700
-3,360
Other Emissions'
3,670
3,440
-230
Total 381,640 328,620 -53,020
EMFAC2011 based on VMT provided by Fehr & Peers.
Natural gas and purchased energy provided by PG &E.
`LGOP Version 1.1 based on water /wastewater use in die town.
d LGOP Landfill Gas Estimator Version 1.2 based on waste disposal obtained from CalRecycle.
e Estimate of stationary equipment use for agricultural, lawn and garden, light commercial, and
construction equipment using OFFROAD2007.
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2011,
reduction of at least 10 percent in the carbon intensity of California's trans-
portation fuels by 2020.
3. Renewable Portfolio Standard
A major component of California's Renewable Energy Program is the renew-
able portfolio standard (RPS) established under Public Utilities Code Article
16, Chapter 2.3, Part 1, Division 1 (Senate Bills [SB] 1078) and Public Utilities
Code Article 9, Chapter 3, Part 1, Division 1 (SB 107). Under the RPS, cer-
tain retail sellers of electricity were required to increase the amount of renew-
able energy each year by at least 1 percent in order to reach at least 20 percent
by December 30, 2010. CARB has now approved an even higher goal of 33
3 -4
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2 0 2 0 B U S I N E S S AS U S U A L A N D A D J U S T E D
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
percent by 2020. Renewable sources of electricity include wind, small hydro-
power, solar, geothermal, biomass, and biogas. The increase in renewable
sources for electricity production will decrease indirect GHG emissions from
development projects because electricity production from renewable sources
is generally considered carbon neutral. According to CARB, Pacific Gas and
Electric Company (PG &E) served 15.9 percent of their electricity sales with
renewable power in 2010.
4. Smart Grid
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has initiated a rulemak-
ing (R.08 -12 -009) to California investor owned electric utilities to develop a
smarter electric grid in the state. Pursuant to SB 17, the CPUC developed
requirements for a Smart Grid deployment plan. In July 2011, California
utilities, including PG &E filed ten -year Smart Grid deployment plans with
the CPUC. New Smart Meters provide real -time electricity use information
to consumers.
5. California Building Code
Energy conservation standards for new residential and nonresidential build -
ings were adopted by the California Energy Resources Conservation and De-
velopment Commission in June 1977 and most recently revised in 2008 (Title
24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations [CCR]). Title 24 requires
that the design of building shells and building components conserve energy.
The standards are updated periodically to allow for consideration and possible
incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. The 2008
Building and Energy Efficiency standards are approximately 15 percent more
energy- efficient than the 2005 Building and Energy Efficiency standards,
which were in place at the time of CARB's Scoping Plan. The California
Energy Commission anticipates that future code cycles (2014 and beyond)
may require a 30 percent increase in energy efficiency compared to the 2008
Building and Energy Efficiency Standards. However, these future cycles are
not included in the adjusted forecast because they are not yet codified.
3 -5
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2 0 2 0 B U S I N E S S AS U S U A L A N D A D J U S T E D
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
The 2006 Appliance Efficiency Regulations (Title 20, CCR Sections 1601
through 1608) were adopted by the California Energy Commission on Octo-
ber 11, 2006, and approved by the California Office of Administrative Law
on December 14, 2006. The regulations include standards for both federally
regulated appliances and non - federally regulated appliances.
On July 17, 2008, the California Building Standards Commission adopted the
nation's first green building standards. The California Green Building Stand-
ards Code (proposed Part 11, Title 24) was adopted as part of the California
Building Standards Code (Title 24, California Code of Regulations), known as
CALGreen. The 2010 edition of the code established voluntary standards on
planning and design for sustainable site development, energy efficiency (in
excess of the California Energy Code requirements), water conservation, ma-
terial conservation, and internal air contaminants. The mandatory provisions
of the code became effective January 1, 2011. CALGreen includes references
to the mandatory Building and Energy Efficiency Standards and includes vol-
untary Tier 1 and Tier 2 programs for cities and counties that wish to adopt
more stringent energy efficiency requirements that are 15 percent and 30 per-
cent more energy efficient than the 2008 standards, respectively. In addition,
CALGreen includes mandatory increases in indoor and outdoor water effi-
ciency for new building construction.
6. Waste Reduction
The adjusted forecast includes waste reductions from the Town's waste reduc-
tion and diversion programs that are required by Assembly Bill 939, the Cali-
fornia Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989. The percent reduction
from BAU is based on average annual historical reductions in waste disposal
over the last five years.
C. Sector Emissions
This section describes the assumptions for the individual GHG emissions
sectors.
3 -6
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
2 0 2 0 B U S I N E S S AS U S U A L A N D A D J U S T E D
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
1. Transportation Emissions
Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was compiled by Fehr & Peers for the Town of
Los Gatos for 2008 and 2020. GHG emissions from VMT generated by land
uses within the town were compiled using CARB's EMFAC2011 program
and are shown in Table 3 -4. The adjusted scenario includes GHG emissions
reductions from the Pavley fuel efficiency standards and the LCFS, which are
fuel and vehicle efficiency standards required by the State.
2. Residential and Non - Residential Emissions
The anticipated increase in residential and non - residential natural gas and en-
ergy use within the town is proportional to the anticipated increase in resi-
dential units and non - residential square footage by 2020. In order to estimate
the increase in GHG emissions in this sector, average energy per dwelling
unit and square foot was calculated based on existing energy demand for pur-
chased electricity and natural gas; this average energy per dwelling unit and
square foot was applied to the additional units and square feet projected in
2020. Table 3 -5 shows anticipated BAU and adjusted GHG emissions for
residential and non - residential uses in 2020. The adjusted scenario includes
GHG emissions reductions from the RPS, Smart Grid, and the Title 24 up-
dates.
3. Water /Wastewater Emissions
The increase in water demand and wastewater generation within the town is
based on projections of water demand and wastewater generation in 2020.
Table 3 -6 shows anticipated BAU and adjusted water demand and wastewater
generation and associated GHG emissions in 2020. The adjusted scenario
includes GHG emissions reductions from the RPS.
4. Solid Waste Disposal Emissions
The increase in solid waste disposal in the town is based on the projected in-
crease in residential and non - residential development in 2020. The General
Plan EIR forecasts a 13- percent increase in residential units and a 23- percent
increase in non - residential square footage. Existing waste from residential and
non - residential uses in the town is assumed to be proportional to the acreage
3 -7
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2 0 2 0 B U S I N E S S AS U S U A L A N D A D J U S T E D
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 3 -4 2020 COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM
TRANSPORTATION SOURCES
Vehicle Miles Traveled 2020 BAU
2020 Adjusted
GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions
Daily Annual (MTCO2e /Year)
(MTCO2e /Year)
1,765,370 612,583,390 290,180
222,060
Notes: Daily VMT is multiplied by 347 days /year to account for reduced traffic on weekends
and holidays, consistent with the CARE methodology within the Climate Change Souping
Plan Measure Documentation Supplement. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place.
Source: EMFAC2011.
TABLE 3 -5 2020 COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM
RESIDENTIAL AND NON - RESIDENTIAL LAND USES
2020 BAU
2020
GHG
Adjusted GHG
Emissions
Emissions
Source (MTCO2e /Year)
(MTCO2e /Year)'
Residential Buildings 78,300
57,890
Non - Residential Buildings 58,320 36,090
Total 136,620 93,980
Notes: Excludes properties owned by another governmental entity that are outside the land use
authority of the Town of Las Gatos (e.g. County or State jurisdiction). Based on PG &E's third -
party verified GHG emission factors. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place.
' Based on PG &E's forecasted GHG emission rates in 2020.
Source: PG &E, 2011, GHG Inventory Report for the 7bwn of Los Gatos. Provided by John Jo-
seph, Green Communities and Innovator Pilots Program.
dedicated to residential and non - residential (i.e. commercial, office, and indus-
trial) uses in the town. The BAU communitywide inventory does not take
into account reductions in waste disposal from an increase in waste reduction
and diversion programs implemented by the Town. However, the adjusted
forecast includes a decrease in waste disposal in the Town based on historical
trends documented by CalRecycle from the Town's reduce, reuse, and recycle
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T O W N OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL AND ADJUSTED
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
programs. Table 3 -7 shows anticipated BAU and adjusted waste disposal and
associated GHG emissions in 2020.
5. Other Emissions
Projections for 2020 for other emission sources are based on the estimates of
population and employment growth that are included in the General Plan.
e Agricultural Equipment. No increase in agricultural equipment use is
assumed.
e Lawn and Garden Equipment. Landscaping equipment use is assumed
to be proportional to population growth.
♦ Light Commercial Equipment. Stationary equipment from non-
residential land uses, including generators, pressure washers, welders, and
pumps, is assumed to be proportional to employment growth.
♦ Construction Equipment. The 2020 BAU forecast assumes similar use
of construction equipment as baseline conditions.
The BAU and adjusted forecast for other emissions is summarized in Table
3 -8. The adjusted forecast includes reductions from the LCFS.
3 -10
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL AND ADJUSTED
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
TABLE 3 -7 2020 COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM
WASTE DISPOSAL
2020
2020
2020
2020
BAU
BAU GHG
Adjusted
Adjusted GHG
Waste
Emissions
Waste
Emissions
Disposal
(MTCO2e/
Disposal
(MTCO2e/
Land Use (Tons)
Year)
(Tons)
Year)'
Residential 31,597
17,311
Non - Residential 3,443 1,886
Total 35,040 11,470 19,197 6,700
Notes: Assumes a landfill gas control efficiency of 75 percent based on the International Panel
on Climate Change's Local Government Operations Protocol. Biogenic carbon dioxide is not
included. Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place.
' Based on the trend in waste reduction from reduce, reuse, and recycle efforts in the Town of
Los Gatos from 2007 through 2010.
Source: CARB, 2010, Landfill Emissions Tool, Version 1.2.
TABLE 3 -8 2020 COMMUNITYWIDE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM
OTHER EMISSIONS
2020 BAU 2020 Adjusted
GHG Emissions GHG Emissions
Source (MTCO2e/Year) (MTCO2e /Year)
Agricultural Equipment 10 10
Lawn and Garden Equipment 780 710
Light Commercial Equipment 460 410
Construction Equipment 2,560 2,310
Total 3,820 3,440
Note: Emissions are rounded to the nearest tens place: emissions do not always add up due to
rounding.
Source: CARE, OFFRoad 2007. Based on the emissions inventory for the County of Santa
Clara, Year 2008, proportioned for the Town of Los Gatos and projected based on the In-
crease in employment and population growth.
3 -11
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
2020 BUSINESS AS USUAL AND ADJUSTED
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
3 -12
4 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCT /ON TARGET
Pursuant to the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets of Assembly Bill
(AB) 32 and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District's (BAAQMD)
recently adopted California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines,
a GHG reduction strategy, such as this Sustainability Plan, must establish a
communitywide GHG emissions target that meets one of the following op-
tions, which are based on AB 32's goals:
♦ Reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.
o Reduce GHG emissions by 15 percent below baseline (2008 or earlier)
emissions by 2020.
0 Meet the plan efficiency threshold of 6.6 metric tons of GHG emissions
per service population per year.
A. Los Gatos Target
This Sustainability Plan uses the second option presented by the BAAQMD
CEQA Guidelines: reduce GHG emissions by 15 percent below baseline
(2008 or earlier) emissions by 2020. Because accurate data on emissions in
1990 is not available, the target option that references 1990 levels is not ap-
propriate for this Plan. Although the third target option, which establishes a
per capita threshold, would be an acceptable target for this Sustainability
Plan, other documents and agencies lend support to the chosen option. The
California Air Resources Board's (CARB) Scoping Plan cites the target to
reduce GHG emissions by 15 percent from baseline conditions as a recom-
mended target. In addition, the California Attorney General and other agen-
cies and environmental groups have stated that a GHG reduction goal should
be measured in absolute magnitude of reductions, rather than a per capita
efficiency metric.
B. Target and Gap Analysis
This Sustainability Plan contains a range of measures in Chapter 5 that will
enable the Town to close the "gap" identified between 2020 adjusted emis-
4.1
TOWN OF LOS GATOS
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S R E D U C T I O N T A R G E T
sions forecast described in Chapter 3 and the GHG emissions reduction tar-
get.
For communities utilizing the target to reduce emissions by 15 percent from
baseline conditions, BAAQMD recommends that the baseline year be 2008 or
earlier in order to coincide with the targets of AB 32. In Los Gatos, this tar-
get means that the Sustainability Plan should include measures that will re-
duce GHG emissions by 57,250 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions
(MTCO2e)' from baseline 2008 conditions by 2020, resulting in 324,390
MTCO2e'- in total emissions in 2020.
As described in the adjusted forecast in Chapter 3, State and federal regula-
tions will result in GHG emissions reductions, regardless of actions by the
Town. The adjusted forecast includes reductions associated with the Pavley
Clean Fuel Standards, Low Carbon Fuel Standard, Renewable Portfolio
Standard, Smart Grid, California Building Code, and the Town's waste diver-
sion and reduction programs. These existing GHG reduction programs and
regulations reduce GHG emissions from business as usual (BAU).
As shown in Table 4 -1, in order to achieve the GHG emissions reduction
target, this Sustainability Plan must include measures that will reduce BAU
emissions by 4,230 MTCO2e, in addition to what would be required by State
and federal regulations.
' This number was calculated by multiplying the baseline emissions described in
Chapter 2 (381,640 MTCO2e) by 0.15.
2 This number was calculated by subtracting the emissions reduction needed
(57,250 MTCO2e) from the baseline emissions (381,640 MTCO2e).
4.2
TOWN OF LOS GATOS
LOS GATOS SUSTAINAZILITY PLAN
G R E E N H O U S E G A S EMISSIONS R E D U C T I O N T A R G E T
TABLE 4.1 7-ARGET AND GAP ANALYSIS
2020 BAU 2020 Adjusted
GHG Emissions GHG Emissions
(MTCO2e /Year) (MTCO2e /Year)
Target (15% below baseline
GHG emissions) 324,390
Total GHG emissions 445,670 328,620
Gap 121,280 4,230
Source: The Planning Center I DC &E, 2012.
4.3
TOWN OF LOS GATOS
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITV PLAN
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGET
4.4
5 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION MEASURES
This chapter presents the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction
measures that the Town of Los Gatos will implement in order to achieve the
emissions reduction target for the year 2020. These measures were developed
with community involvement, including a Community Workshop held on
January 30, 2012 and a public comment period on the draft measures, during
which members of the public provided ideas for additional measures to in-
clude in the Sustainability Plan. Each measure is based on careful considera-
tion of the emissions reductions needed to achieve the reduction target, the
distribution of emissions revealed in the emissions inventory, existing priori-
ties and resources, and the potential costs and benefits of various potential
emission reduction projects.
The measures are divided into communitywide and municipal sections, and
then further divided into the following topics:
♦ Transportation and Land Use
♦ Green Building
♦ Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Fuels
e Energy Conservation
0 Water and Wastewater
e Solid Waste
o Open Space
e Purchasing
O Community Action
The measures were modeled using several models, including the Emissions
Factors 2011 Model (EMFAC2011), the Off -Road Emissions 2007 Model
(OFFROAD2007), the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) Landfill
Gas Emissions Tool (Version 1.2), and CARB's Local Government Opera-
tions Protocol (LGOP).
A. Communitywide Measures and Emissions Reductions Achieved
The sectors that are discussed below include measures that will reduce GHG
emissions from communitywide activities. In total, implementation of the
5 -1
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
communitywide measures will reduce GHG emissions by 7,450 metric tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) from the 2020 business as usual
(BAU) forecast. As discussed in Chapter 4, after adjusting for State and feder-
al measures, the Town would need to reduce its total GHG emissions by
4,230 MTCO2e by 2020 in order to meet the GHG reduction target. The
communitywide measures together exceed the reduction target. A sum-
mary of the reductions by sector is provided in Table 5 -1. The technical doc-
umentation for the modeling is provided in Appendices C and D. Appendix
E provides a summary of the measures and the key information about the
GHG emissions and VMT reductions presented in this chapter, along with
the implementation information presented in Chapter 6.
In the sections below, many measures are reported to have no measureable
reduction in GHG emissions beyond the other measures that were modeled.
This is because:
4 The measure is simply not quantifiable (e.g. Measure RE -7, Community
Choice Aggregation, for which there are a number of unknown varia-
bles).
♦ The measure would result in no measureable benefit or the benefit is too
small to be accurately calculated by modeling software.
There is another measure that is already quantified that achieves a similar
purpose. For example, Measure GB -1 requires that buildings be con-
structed to be 15 percent more energy-efficient than required by Title 24,
and there is a quantified GHG reduction associated with that measure.
Measure GB -3 provides incentives for LEED Silver certification, but this
alone would not increase the GHG emissions reduction that would result
from Measure G13-1, so no additional benefit is reported.
Throughout this chapter, the quantification for reductions is based on the
maximum achievable benefit.
5 -2
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
TABLE 5 -1 COMMUNITYWIDE GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS BY SECTOR
TR -3 Fixed -Route Shuttle
929
Total
3 %c
TR -4 Bicycle Facilities and Programs
1,677
Reduction
Percent
TR -5 School Pool Program
VMT
in 2020
of Total
Sector
Reduction
(MTCO2e)
Reduction'
Transportation and Land Use
7,872
29 %c
TR -1 Support for Pedestrians, Bicyclists,
and Transit.
6.179
23 %c
TR -2 North Forty Area Land Uses
10,592
39 %c
TR -3 Fixed -Route Shuttle
929
3 %c
TR -4 Bicycle Facilities and Programs
1,677
6 %'
TR -5 School Pool Program
TR -6 Commute Trip Reduction Program
7,872
29 %c
TR -7 Student Transit Outreach
TR -8 Vehicle Circulation, Panting, and
Idling Reduction Programs
Total
27,249
3,430
46%
Green Building
GBA Green Building Ordinance
2,210
93%
GB -2 GreenPoint Rated Building
Guidelines
170
7%
Total
Z, 380
31%
Renewable Energy and Low Carbon
Fuels
RE -1 Alternative Energy Development
Plan
10
1%
RE -2 New Solar Homes Partnership
470
53%
RE -3 Renewable Energy Generation in
Projects
330
37%
Total
810
11%
5 -3
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
TABLE 5 -1 COMMUNITYWIDE GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS BY SECTOR
(CONTINUED)
Sector
Total
Reduction
VMT in 2020
Reduction (MTCO2e)
Percent
of Total
Reduction'
Energy Conservation
EC -1 Energy Efficient Appliances and
Lighting
10
3%
EC -2 Promotion of Energy Conservation
30
9%
EC -3 Energy Efficient Outdoor Lighting
280
88%
Total
320
4%
Water and Wastewater
WW I Water Use and Efficiency
Requirements
70
14%
WW-2 Water Efficiency Retrofits and
Water Conservation Pricing
440
80%
Total
510
7%
Solid Waste
-
0%
Open Space
-
0%
Community Action
-
01y.
All Sectors Total
7,450
MTCO2e
Target Reduction
4,230
MTCO2e
Measures Exceed Target by
3,320
MTCO2e
' For each measure, the percent of the total GHG emissions reductions for that sector is provid-
ed. For each sector, the percent of the total GHG emissions reductions for the all local measures
in the Sustamability Plan is provided.
Certain measures interact or are grouped with one another; therefore this reduction reflects the
Impacts from multiple measures; no reductions are double,counted for die total.
` CAPCOA caps VMT reductions for particular measures or groups of measures. Therefore,
Individual percent reductions for Transportation /Land Use measures are only approximations.
Note: - indicates that there are no measurable reductions from the measures in this sector.
Source: Fehr & Peers and The Planning Center I DC &E, 2012.
5 -4
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
1. Transportation and Land Use
As shown in Table 5 -1, the transportation and land use measures would re-
duce GHG emissions in Los Gatos by a total of 3,430 MTCO2e.
Because the transportation and land use measures are interrelated and support
one another, an independent GHG reduction value cannot be calculated for a
single individual measure. Therefore, this analysis presents only the total
GHG reduction value for all of the measures in the transportation and land
use sector. However, the approximate contribution of a measure or a group
of measures to the total VMT reduction value for this sector can be estimated
based on model outputs. Therefore, each measure is followed by an estimated
reduction in VMT, with a note indicating if that particular measure was con-
sidered in conjunction with others. VMT reductions were calculated using a
VMT reduction estimation tool that utilizes data available in a 2010 report by
the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association ( CAPCOA) titled
Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures: A Resource for Local Gov-
ernment to Assess Emission Reductions from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Measures. CAPCOA also sets maximum VMT reductions from particular
measures or groups of measures. Because many measures work together to
reduce VMT, these VMT- reduction maximums serve to avoid double -
counting GHG reductions and account for decreasing marginal reductions as
additional, overlapping measures are implemented. For this reason, the per-
centage contributions of each measure to the sector total are approximations.
TR -1 SupportforPedestrians, Bicyclists and Transit
Promote walking, bicycling, and transit through the following:
a. Require all new buildings, excluding single -family homes, to include a
principal functional entry that faces a public space such as a street, square,
park, paseo, or plaza, in addition to any entrance from a parking lot, to
encourage pedestrian foot traffic.
b. Require new projects, excluding single -family homes, to include pedestri-
an or bicycle through - connections to existing sidewalks and existing or
future bicycle facilities, unless prohibited by topographical conditions.
5 -5
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
c. Seek grant funding to establish a Safe Routes to School (SR2S) Program
to increase more student walking and biking trips. The program may in-
clude: conducting school walking audits, improving nearby pedestrian
and bicycle facilities, implementing nearby traffic - calming measures, im-
plementing school bus, vanpool, and carpools to school, implementing
walking buses to schools, coordinating school schedules to not overlap
with peak commute times, conducting traffic studies for specific schools
for more efficient drop -off and pick -up activity at schools (e.g. staggered
schedules, changing on- street parking to loading zones, and more), and
increasing speed enforcement around schools.
d. Design and implernent affordable traffic - calming measures on specific
streets to dissuade Highway 17 cut - through traffic and attract pedestrian
and bicycle traffic.
e. Implement transit access improvements through sidewalk /crosswalk safe-
ty enhancements and bus shelter improvements.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 6,179 miles per year
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector: 23
percent
TR -2 North Forty Area Land Uses
Require a variety of local- serving commercial uses and encourage mixed -use
development in the North Forty area, reducing VMT.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 10,592 miles per year
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector: 39
percent
TR-3 Fixed -Route Shuttle
Provide a fixed -route shuttle system to the downtown area from key residen-
tial areas, employment and commercial centers, Vasona Light Rail, and
Vasona Park.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 929 miles per year
5 -d
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITV PLAN
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector:
4 percent
TR -4 Bicycle Facilities and Programs
Provide for new bicycle facilities and programs through the following:
a. Install new bicycle facilities throughout the existing Town street network
to close bicycle network gaps, as identified in General Plan.
b. Require bicycle parking facilities and on -site showers in major non-
residential development and redevelopment projects. Major development
projects include buildings that would accommodate more than 50 em-
ployees, whether in a single business or multiple tenants; major redevel-
opment projects include projects that change 50 percent or more of the
Square footage or wall space.
c. Install high quality bicycle puking facilities Downtown in centralized,
safe, and secure areas.
d. Encourage non - profit or volunteer organizations in creating a bicycle -
sharing program.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 1,677 miles per year
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector:
6 percent
TR -5 School Pool Program
Implement a School Pool Program that helps match parents to carpool stu-
dents to school.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 7,872 miles per year (in combination with
TR -6, TR -7, and TR -8)
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector:
29 percent (in combination with TR -6, TR -7, and TR -8)
TR -6 Vehicle Circulation, Parking, and Idling Reduction Programs
Support trip reduction and the use of electric vehicles through the following:
5 -7
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
a. Encourage a voluntary Employer Commute Trip Reduction Program for
new and existing development. This would be a multi strategy program
that encompasses a combination of individual measures, such as ride -
share programs, discounted transit programs, end -of -trip facilities (e.g.
showers and lockers), encouraging telecommuting, and preferential park-
ing permit programs. As part of this program, encourage employers to
allow commuters to pay for transit with pre -tax dollars.
b. Encourage new non - residential development to include designated or
preferred parking for vanpools, carpools, and electric vehicles.
c. Encourage non - profit or volunteer organizations in creating or providing
a car- sharing program.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 7,872 miles per year (in combination with
TR -5, TR -7, and TR -8)
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector.
42 percent (in combination with TR -5, TR -7, and TR -8)
TR-7 Student Transit Outreach
Coordinate with local school districts on marketing, promoting, and educat-
ing students about the benefits of using public transit as a mode of travel.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 7,872 miles per year (in combination with
TR -5, TR -6, and TR -8)
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector:
29 percent (in combination with TR -5, TR -6, and TR -8)
TR -8 Vehicle Circulation, Parking, and Idling Reduction Programs
Reduce vehicle circulation associated with parking and reduce vehicle idling
through the following:
d. Provide better wayfinding and smart parking strategies with attractive
signage to reduce vehicle circulation searching for parking spaces in the
C -2 /Central Business District Zone.
f:3
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
G R E E N H O U S E G A S EMISSIONS R E D U C T I O N S MEASURES
e. Encourage non - profit and volunteer organizations in conducting out-
reach to reduce car idling around schools during pick -up and drop -off
times.
VMT Reduction: Approximately 7,872 miles per year (in combination with
TR -5, TR -6, and TR -7)
Approximate Percentage Contribution to VMT Reductions in this sector:
42 percent (in combination with TR -5, TR -6, and TR -7)
2. Green Building
As shown in Table 5 -1, the green building measures would reduce GHG
emissions in Los Gatos by 2,380 MTCO2e.
a. Quantified Measures
GB -1 Green Building Ordinance
Develop a Green Building Ordinance that requires energy- efficient design, in
excess of Title 24 standards, for all new residential and non - residential build-
ings. When developing the Ordinance, consider development -level thresholds
for when certain requirements are triggered.
o Require 30 percent above the 2008 Building and Energy Efficiency stand-
ards in Title 24 to coincide with the Voluntary Tier 2 standards of the
California Green Building Code (CALGreen).
♦ Encourage the use of cement substitutes and recycled building materials
for new construction.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 2,210 MTCO2e per year
GB -2 GreenPointRatedBuildingGuidelines
Require all new and significantly remodeled homes to follow the Town's
adopted GreenPoint Rated Building Guidelines. Significantly remodeled
homes include remodels of 50 percent or more of the square footage or wall
area of the home, and additions of 50 percent or more of the square footage
or wall area of the home.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 170 MTCO2e per year
5 -9
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S R E D U C T I O N S MEASURES
b. Non - Quantified Measures
The following measures (GB -3 through 013-6) would not result in a measure -
able reduction in GHG emissions in Los Gatos beyond the other measures
modeled in this sector. However, they are important in helping to reach the
Town's overall goal of improving sustainability in Los Gatos.
GB -3 Incentives for Green Building Certification
Allow greater development flexibility and other incentives (e.g. permitting -
related) for LEED Silver certification or equivalent GreenPoint rating, for
example, by giving green projects priority in plan review and processing.
GB -4 Solar Orientation
Require measures that reduce energy use through solar orientation by taking
advantage of shade, prevailing winds, landscaping, and sun screens.
GB -5 Removal of Bai riers to Green Building
Identify and remove regulatory or procedural barriers to implementing green
building practices in the town, by updating codes, guidelines, and zoning.
GB -6 Regional Green Building Programs
Coordinate with other local governments, special districts, nonprofits, and
other public organizations to share resources, achieve economies of scale, and
develop green building policies and programs that are optimized on a regional
scale.
3. Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Fuels
As shown in Table 5 -1, the renewable energy and low carbon fuels measures
would reduce GHG emissions in Los Gatos by 810 MTCO2e.
a. Quantified Measures
RE -1 Alternative Energy Development Plan
In partnership with Pacific Gas and Electric and local alternative energy com-
panies, develop an Alternative Energy Development Plan that includes
townwide measurable goals and identifies the allowable and appropriate al-
ternative energy facility types within the town, such as solar photovoltaic
5 -10
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
(PV) on urban residential and commercial roofs. Propose phasing and timing
of alternative energy facility and infrastructure development. Provide the de-
velopment review process list /worksheet to new alternative energy projects
and conduct a review of Town policies and ordinances to address alternative
energy production. Identify optimal locations and the best means to avoid
noise, aesthetic, and other potential land use compatibility conflicts (e.g. in-
stalling tracking solar PV or angling fixed solar PV in a manner that reduces
glare to surrounding land uses). Consider further reducing permitting fees for
alternative energy development.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 10 MTCO2e per year
RE 2 New Solar Homes Partnership
Require that residential projects of six units or more participate in the Cali-
fornia Energy Commission's New Solar Homes Partnership, which provides
rebates to developers of six units or more who offer solar power in 50 percent
of new units and is a component of the California Solar Initiative, or a similar
program with solar power requirements equal to or greater than those of the
California Energy Commission's New Solar Homes Partnership.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 470 MTCO2c per year
RE3 Renewable Energy Generation in Projects
Require that new or major rehabilitations of commercial, office, or industrial
development greater than or equal to 20,000 square feet in size incorporate
solar or other renewable energy generation to provide 15 percent or more of
the project's energy needs. Major rehabilitations arc defined as remodel-
ing /additions of 20,000 square feet of office /retail commercial or 100,000
square feet of industrial floor area. Remove regulatory barriers to incorporat-
ing renewable energy generation.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 330 MTCO2e per year
5 -11
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
b. Non - Quantified Measures
The following measures (RE -5 through RE -7) would not result in a measure -
able reduction in GHG emissions in Los Gatos beyond the other measures
modeled in this sector. However, they are important in helping to reach the
Town's overall goal of improving sustainability in Los Gatos.
RE -4 Leaf Blower Ordinance
Consider adopting an ordinance to ban the use of two - stroke engine leaf
blowers. As part of this ordinance, establish planting and maintenance guide-
lines to reduce maintenance needs.
RE 5 Solar Ready Features
Where feasible, require that all new buildings be constructed to allow for the
easy, cost - effective installation of future solar energy systems. "Solar ready"
features should include: proper solar orientation (i.e. south facing roof area
sloped at 20° to 55° from the horizontal); clear access on the south sloped
roof (i.e. no chimneys, heating vents, or plumbing vents); electrical conduit
installed for solar electric system wiring; plumbing installed for solar hot wa-
ter system; and space provided for a solar hot water storage tank.
RE-6 Solar Energy Systems at Schools
Work with the local school districts to encourage the use of solar energy sys-
tems at school facilities.
RE -7 Community Choice Aggregation
Support and participate in regional efforts to study the feasibility and interest
in establishing community choice aggregation in Los Gatos.
As noted above, this measure would not result in a measureable reduction in
GHG emissions, mainly because there are a number of unknown variables
that would affect the outcomes of this measure. If Los Gatos were to partici-
pate in a community choice aggregation program, depending on the portfolio
of the energy provider, potential GHG emissions reductions could be signifi-
cant.
5 -12
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
4. Energy Conservation
As shown in Table 5 -1, the energy conservation measures would reduce GHG
emissions in Los Gatos by 320 MTCO2e.
a. Quantified Measures
EC-1 Energy- Ei£icientAppliances and Lighting
Require new development to use energy efficient appliances that meet EN-
ERGY STAR standards and energy- efficient lighting technologies that exceed
Title 24 standards by 30 percent.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 10 MTCO2e per year
EC-2 Promotion o£ Energy Conservation
Partner with Pacific Gas & Electric and other appropriate energy providers to
promote energy conservation, including the following, which would be pri-
marily funded by the energy providers:
0 Promote the purchase of ENERGY STAR appliances.
0 Distribute free compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs and /or fixtures to
community members.
0 Offer a halogen torchiere lamp exchange to community members.
0 Promote energy efficiency audits of existing buildings to check, repair,
and readjust heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, water heating
equipment, insulation, and weatherization.
s Partner with the Silicon Valley Association of Realtors to encourage en-
ergy audits to be performed when residential and commercial buildings
are sold. Energy audits will include information regarding the opportu-
nities for energy efficiency improvements, and will be presented to the
buyer.
0 Commercial buildings to be °benchmarked" using the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Tool,
consistent with Assembly Bill (AB) 1103, which requires disclosure of
commercial buildings' energy efficiency rating.
5 -13
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A 1 N A B I L I T V P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
♦ Promote individualized energy management planning and related services
for large energy users.
Fund and schedule energy efficiency retrofits or "tune -ups" of existing
buildings.
♦ Pursue incentives and grants for energy conservation.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 30 MTCO2e per year
EC -3 Energy-E•fficient Outdoor Lighting
Require outdoor lighting fixtures to be energy- efficient. Require parking lot
light fixtures and light fixtures on buildings to be on full cut -off fixtures, ex-
cept emergency exit or safety lighting, and all permanently installed exterior
lighting shall be controlled by either a photocell or an astronomical time
switch. Prohibit continuous all night outdoor lighting in construction sites
unless required for security reasons. Revise the Town Code to include these
requirements.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 280 MTCO2e per year
b. Non- Quantified Measures
The following measures (EC -4 through EC -12) would not result In a measure -
able reduction in GHG emissions in Los Gatos beyond the other measures
modeled in this sector. However, they are important in helping to reach the
Town's overall goal of improving sustainability in Los Gatos.
EC -4 Kill A -Wait Electricity Usage Monitor Program
Continue the Kill -A -Watt Electricity Usage Monitor program, through which
residents can check out a device from the library that can be plugged in-
to household electronics to see how much electricity they require.
EC-5 Low - Income Weatherization
Seek funding to implement a low - income weatherization program.
EC-6 Quality Insulation Installation
5 -14
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
Provide links to and /or contact information on the Town's website for edu-
cation and outreach by outside organizations that promote quality insulation
installation (QII), which eliminates gaps in buildings.
EC -7 EnergyAudit Funding Sources
Compile a list of funding sources that local residents, businesses, or the Town
could potentially access to fund energy audits to inform homeowners and
businesses of opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of their homes
and buildings.
EC-8 CalifornlaFIRSTProgram
Continue participation in the CalifomiaFIRST program, which provides in-
novative, low- interest financing for energy efficiency projects for existing and
new development.
EC-9 Heat Island Mitigation Plan
Develop a "heat island" mitigation plan that requires cool roofs, cool pave-
ments, and strategically placed shade trees. Amend the applicable Design
Guidelines to integrate this requirement. Evaluate and balance tradeoffs be-
tween solar access and landscape tree shading in Design Guidelines.
EC -10 Heat Gain Reduction
Require all new development and major rehabilitation (i.e. additions or re-
models of 20,000 square feet of office /retail commercial or 100,000 square feet
of industrial floor area) projects to incorporate any combination of the fol-
lowing strategies to reduce heat gain for 50 percent of the non -roof impervi-
ous site landscape, which includes roads, sidewalks, courtyards, parking lots,
and driveways: shaded within five years of occupancy; paving materials with a
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of at least 29; open grid pavement system; and
parking spaces underground, under deck, under roof, or under a building.
Any roof used to shade or cover parking must have an SRI of at least 29.
EC 11 Programmable Thermostats
Encourage the installation of programmable thermostats in existing residen-
tial and commercial buildings.
5 -15
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
EC -12 Energy Conservation through Design Outreach
Form a volunteer committee of local design professionals to create a brochure
to educate citizens on how to save energy through design.
5. Water and Wastewater
As shown in Table 5 -1, the water and wastewater measures would reduce
GHG emissions in Los Gatos by 510 MTCO2e.
a. Quantified Measures
WWI Water Use and Efficiency Requirements
For new development, require all water use and efficiency measures identified
as voluntary in the California Green Building Standards Code, and consider
more stringent targets. California Green Building Standards Code require-
ments include: 1) reduce indoor potable water use by 20 percent after meeting
the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements, and 2) re-
duce outdoor potable water use by 50 percent from a calibrated mid - summer
baseline case, for example, through irrigation efficiency, plant species, recy-
cled wastewater, and captured rainwater. Establish Town requirements for
discretionary projects regarding watering timing, water - efficient irrigation
equipment, water - efficient fixtures, and offsetting demand so that there is no
net increase in imported water use. Include clear parameters for integrating
water conservation infrastructure and technologies, including low -flush toilets
and low -flow showerheads. As appropriate, partner with local water conser-
vation companies on the development and implementation of this measure.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 70 MTCO2e per year
WW-2 Water Efficiency Retrofits and 6i iterConservationPricing
Promote water efficiency and conservation through the following:
a. Adopt a water efficiency retrofit ordinance that requires upgrades as a
condition of issuing permits for renovations or additions. Work with lo-
cal water purveyors to achieve consistent standards and review and ap-
proval procedures for implementation.
5 -16
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITV PLAN
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
b. Work with the San Jose Water Company (SJWC) and Santa Clara Valley
Water District (SCVWD) to adopt water conservation pricing, such as
tiered rate structures, to encourage efficient water use. As part of this
measure, the water districts would conduct the following:
0 Provide notices in each billing to accounts with water use budgets
showing the relationship between the budget and actual consumption.
♦ Encourage wholesale water suppliers to provide financial incentives to
their retail water agency customers that encourage water conservation
efforts.
0 Work with SJWC to meter with commodity rates for all new connec-
tions, and retrofit existing connections.
♦ Create accounts with dedicated irrigation meters, or develop and im-
plement a strategy targeting and marketing large landscape water use
surveys to commercial /industrial /institutional accounts with mixed -
use meters to help monitor landscaping water use.
GHG Emissions Reduction: 440 MTCO2e per year
b. Non - Quantified Measures
The following measures (WW -3 through WW -6) would not result in a
measureable reduction in GHG emissions in Los Gatos beyond the other
measures modeled in this sector. However, they are important in helping to
reach the Town's overall goal of improving sustainability in Los Gatos.
WW-3 Bay Friendly Landscaping
Require new development to use native plants or other appropriate non-
invasive plants that are drought- tolerant, as described in the Bay Friendly
Landscaping Guidelines, available at StopWaste.org and BayFriendlyCoali-
tion.org.
5 -17
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
WW-4 Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance Update
Review and update the Town's Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance with
improved conservation programs and incentives for non - residential customers
that are consistent with the Tier I water conservation standards of Title 24.
WW-5 Water Audit Programs
In collaboration with efforts by the San Jose Water Company (SJWC) and the
Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD), promote water audit programs
that offer free water audits to single - family, multi - family, large landscape ac-
counts, and commercial customers. Collaborate with purveyors to enact con-
servation programs for commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) ac-
counts and create programs to install ultra -low -flush toilets in facilities.
WW -6 Rainwater Collection Policy
Encourage residential rainwater collection and consider updating the Zoning
Code or other code amendments as needed to encourage and support permit-
ting and regulation of residential rainwater systems.
6. Solid Waste
As described in Chapter 3, the adjusted 2020 forecast includes waste reduc-
tions from the Town's waste reduction and diversion programs that are re-
quired by AB 939, the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989.
Through continued implementation of these programs and compliance with
this legislation, GHG emissions from solid waste generated in Los Gatos are
projected to decrease by 4,770 MTCO2e from 2020 BAU.
The solid waste measures included in this section will support these programs,
but will not further reduce GHG emissions from solid waste generated in Los
Gatos beyond what was estimated in the adjusted forecast.
SW-1 Construction Waste Diversion
Revise the existing construction and demolition ordinance to require at least
50 percent diversion (i.e. reuse or recycling) of non - hazardous construction
waste from disposal.
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TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
SW-2 Recycling AreasMMulti- FamilyDevelopments
Require all new and significant redevelopments /remodels of existing multi-
family developments to provide recycling areas for their residents within ex-
isting trash areas. Significant redevelopments and remodels include those that
add or change 50 percent or more of the square footage or wall area.
SW-3 Salvaged, Recycled- Content, and Local Construction Materials
Encourage the use of salvaged and recycled- content materials and other mate-
rials that have low production energy costs for building materials, hard sur-
faces, and non -plant landscaping. Require sourcing of construction materials
locally, as feasible.
SW-4 Food and Green Waste
Work with public and private waste disposal entities to keep food and green
waste out of landfills.
SW-5 Recycling and Composting incentives
Work with public and private waste disposal entities to incentivize recycling
and composting.
SW-6 Downtown Recycling Containers
Continue to provide recycling containers in the Downtown area.
SW-7 Waste Reduction Outreach
Expand educational programs to inform residents about reuse, recycling,
composting, waste to energy, and zero waste programs.
SW-8 Plastic Bag Ordinance
Adopt an ordinance to ban the use of plastic bags in Los Gatos.
SW-9 Purchasing of Recycled Materials
Develop policies, incentives, and design guidelines that encourage the public
and private purchase and use of durable and nondurable items, including
building materials, made from recycled materials or renewable resources.
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TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURE S
SW -10 Additional Waste Diversion
Aim to achieve the 75 percent waste diversion goal established by AB 341.
7. Open Space
The open space measures would not result in measureable reductions in GHG
emissions in Los Gatos. However, they are important in helping to reach the
Town's overall goal of improving sustainability in Los Gatos.
OS -I Community Garden and Urban Farm Sites Inventory
Identify and inventory potential community garden and urban farm sites on
public easements, Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG &E) easements, right -
of -ways, and schoolyards, and develop a program to establish community
gardens in appropriate locations.
OS -2 Gar den Areas in New Development
Encourage significant new residential developments over 50 units to include
space that can be used to grow food.
OS -3 Community Garden Process
Establish a process through which a neighborhood can propose and adopt a
site as a community garden.
OS -4 Los GatosFarmers'Market
Continue to support the Los Gatos Farmers' Market as a source for locally -
grown food.
OS -5 Public Food Benefits at the Farmers' Market
Encourage the Los Gatos farmers' market to accept food stamps and other
public food benefits.
OS -6 Wildland Fire Prevention
Continue to actively pursue wildland fire prevention in forested areas of Los
Gatos to avoid loss of carbon sequestration.
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
8. Community Action
The community action measures would not result in measureable reductions
in GHG emissions in Los Gatos. However, they are important in helping to
reach the Town's overall goal of improving sustainability in Los Gatos.
CA -1 Local Business Participation
Develop and implement an outreach plan to engage local businesses in GHG
emissions reduction programs.
CA -2 Sustainabilitylnformation Center
Establish and maintain a "sustainability information center' at the Town Hall
or Library to inform the public and distribute available brochures, and pro-
vide information on sustainability on the Town's website. Emphasize online
outreach materials to minimize paper consumption.
CA -3 Los Gatos: Growing Greener Together Campaign
Continue the Los Gatos: Growing Greener Together Campaign, which pro-
vides Town employees and community members with a newsletter featuring
green tips and best practices for home and at work. Expand this program to
provide best practice information at public venues, such as the farmers' mar-
ket.
CA -4 Support for Local Businesses
Continue economic vitality programs aimed at supporting local business by
encouraging residents to shop locally.
CA -5 Support for Voluntary Programs
Support voluntary programs to improve sustainability, in Los Gatos.
B. Municipal Measures
The measures that are discussed below include measures that will reduce
GHG emissions from Town operations. However, because the Town's oper-
ations represent such a small percentage of the total GHG emissions in Los
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS R E DUCT' IO NS MEASURES
Gatos, as discussed in Chapter 2, the overall GHG emissions reductions
would be minimal, and were therefore not quantified. Although these
measures would have a minimal reduction in GHG emissions in Los Gatos
overall, they demonstrate that the Town is committed to action on climate
change. Los Gatos is proud of the emission reduction efforts implemented to
date and is committed to building on those efforts by increasing fleet fuel effi-
ciency, increasing energy efficiency and conservation in municipal buildings,
and other actions described below.
1. Transportation and Land Use
TR-I Reduced Emissions from Employee Commute
Implement programs and provide incentives to encourage reduced emissions
from employee commute, including telecommuting, alternative work sched-
ules, carpooling /vanpooling, and active transportation.
TR-2 Support for Bicycle Commuting
Provide bicycle lockers and showers at Town offices, as well as education
about bicycle commuting.
TR -3 Bicycles for Use by Town Employees
Provide bicycles for short trips by Town employees.
TR-4 IncentivesforLow-Emission Vehicles
Provide preferential parking for low emissions vehicles at Town offices.
TR -5 Idling in Town Vehicles
Adopt a policy to limit idling in Town vehicles consistent with public safety
standards.
TR-6 E£ficlencyin Town Fleet Vehicles
Regularly maintain Town fleet vehicles to maximize efficiency (e.g. tire pres-
sure).
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
2. Green Building
GB -I LEED Certification in Municipal Buildings
Encourage all new municipal buildings and facilities to meet at least LEED
Gold certification standards.
GB -2 Rebates andlncentives for EnergyEfficiency
Utilize all available rebates and incentives for energy efficiency and distribut-
ed generation installations, such as State public good programs (i.e. funding
for energy efficiency from a "public good" fee on utility bills) and solar pro-
grams.
GB -3 Green Building Training
Train all plan review and building inspection staff in green building materials,
techniques, and practices.
3. Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Fuels
RE -1 Solar Enetgy for Town Facilities
Conduct a solar feasibility study and install solar panels on appropriate Town
facilities.
RE-2 Solar Water Heating at Town Facilities
Install tankless and /or solar water heating at appropriate Town facilities.
RES Town Fleet Conversion
Where technologically feasible and consistent with public safety standards,
convert the Town's vehicle fleet to hybrid, compressed natural gas, biodiesel,
electric, hydrogen fuel cells, or ethanol.
RE-4 Fuel Conservation Program
Establish a fuel conservation program for the Town vehicle fleet and require
Gas Cap driver training for all employees who use fleet vehicles.
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
4. Energy Conservation
EC -1 Energy Audit of Town Facilities
Conduct, with assistance from Pacific Gas & Electric Company, a thorough
energy audit of all Town facilities to identify cost - effective opportunities for
conservation.
EC -2 Reflective Roofing on Town Facilities
Install reflective roofing on Town facilities.
EC -3 Energy Efficiency Standards for Town Facilities
Establish energy efficiency standards for Town facilities and provide employ-
ees with guidelines, instructions, and requirements for efficient use of facili-
ties.
EC -4 Peak Electricity Demand Reduction
Participate in peak electricity demand reduction programs and undertake
peak demand reduction measures at Town facilities.
EC -5 Energy -Efficient Appliances and Office Equipment
As outdated electronic appliances and office equipment are phased out of
Town facilities, replace them with energy efficient models.
EC -G Street and Traffic Light Retrofits
Continue to retrofit street lights and traffic lights to light emitting diodes
(LED).
5. Water and Wastewater
WWI Water- ConservingFfxturesin Town Facilities
Install water- conserving fixtures in all Town facilities.
WW-2 Landscaping at Town Facilities
Use drought - tolerant native landscaping at Town facilities.
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
WW-3 Irrigation for Town Landscaping
Use recycled water or graywater for Town landscaping, including parks and
medians, where appropriate.
6. Solid Waste
SW-I Recycling Coordinators
Train an existing staff member from each Town department to be a recycling
coordinator for their department.
SW-2 Reuse and Recycled ContentMaterials
Require all Town departments and facilities to reuse office supplies, furniture,
and computers before buying new materials. When buying new materials,
require Town departments and facilities to purchase products that are made
with high levels of post- consumer recycled content and have limited packag-
ing.
7. Open Space
CSI Tree Planting on Municipal Property
Develop a Town program for maximizing carbon sequestration on municipal
property through tree planting.
8. Purchasing
P -1 Local Hiring
Develop a Town program to require or encourage the Town to hire locally
for its contracts and services.
P-2 Sustamability Criteria in Proposal Selection Process
When requesting proposals or applications for contracts, professional service
agreements, or grants, request that proposals or applications include infor-
mation about the sustainability practices of the organization, and use such
information as a partial basis for proposal evaluations.
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS MEASURES
P -3 Life -Cycle Costing Approach in Purchasing
Incorporate a "life -cycle costing' approach into Town purchasing considera-
tions that takes into account long -term cost savings from energy- efficient
products.
9. Community Action
CA4 Green Business Program
Continue to operate a townwide green business program.
CA -2 SustainabilityCoordinator
Train an existing Town staff member to be a sustainability coordinator for
the Town.
CA -3 Incentives for Sustainable Business Practices
Reward local businesses that hire local residents and allow telecommuting by,
for example, recognition on the Town website or in Town newsletters, or
preference in Town purchasing.
5 -26
6 IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
The previous chapters present and analyze reduction measures that will ex-
ceed the Town's target of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Los
Gatos by 15 percent below baseline levels by 2020. These measures represent
the hard work and initiative of the Town of Los Gatos to go above and be-
yond normal practice by proactively addressing the effects of GHGs. This
chapter outlines how the measures will be implemented, as well as financing
and monitoring mechanisms to implement the measures.
A. Measure Implementation
This section presents implementation information for each measure, includ-
ing action items, responsible parties, cost effectiveness, and a schedule for im-
plementation. In cases where an individual measure includes many different
components, such as many of the transportation and land use measures, im-
plementation information is provided for each component separately. The
quantitative reduction effects, as reported in Chapter 5, serve as the standards
by which performance towards achievement of the reduction target will be
measured.
The implementation schedule separates reduction measures into two main
time periods for implementation: 2012 to 2015 and 2015 to 2020. Phases indi-
cate when implementation of the measure begins. A third time period from
2012 to 2020 is also applied for implementation to account for parts of
measures that were feasible in 2012 to 2015 and those that were not feasible
until 2015 to 2020. Overall maintenance of the program will extend well be-
yond the allotted phase. The implementation schedule prioritizes reduction
measures based on their effectiveness at reducing GHG emissions, cost -
effectiveness, and /or feasibility. Some reduction strategies are expected to be
implemented on a later timeline due to obstacles of available data, technology,
or finances.
Appendix E provides a summary of the measures and the key information
about the GHG emissions and VMT reductions presented in Chapter 5, along
with the implementation information presented in this chapter.
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1. Communitywide Measures
a. Transportation and Land Use
TR-la Emphasis on Pedestrian Entrances
Measure TR -la requires all new buildings, excluding single - family homes, to
include a principal functional entry that faces a public space such as a street,
square, park, paseo, or plaza, in addition to any entrance from a parking lot,
to encourage pedestrian foot traffic.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code and
Design Guidelines to include this requirement. New residential and non-
residential development, except for single - family homes, will be subject to
this requirement, incorporating it either into the project design or as mitiga-
tion in the applicable environmental document pursuant to the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In addition, the Community Devel-
opment Department will review architectural plans for consistency with this
measure.
J1 . Cost Effectiveness :Moderate toHigh
Staff -time costs of measure TR -la are expected to be moderate and would
stem from the need to draft, adopt, and implement ordinances. Since measure
TR -la would apply only to new structures, pedestrian - serving entrances could
be incorporated into buildings during their design phase. Incorporating such
an entrance or otherwise orienting a building to meet this requirement would
therefore impose little to no additional cost for most developments. In rare
instances, additional entrances could cause reductions in usable floor or wall
space, or generate greater security or climate - control demands; however, es-
timating these possible costs would be highly speculative. Cost savings from
this measure could stem from reduced parking needs or from increased vitali-
ty in the Town's commercial districts, but these also are highly speculative.
While it is not possible to reliably quantify direct GHG reductions from this
individual measure, the measure greatly increases convenience for pedestrians
and potentially cyclists, thus encouraging alternative forms Of transportation
and reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Though its individual reductions
6 -2
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITV PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
are not precisely quantifiable, the measure's benefits would likely be readily
observable and, most notably, its costs are anticipated to be minimal. There-
fore this measure is deemed to have a moderate to high degree of cost -
effectiveness.
M. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -1b Pedestrian or Bicycle Connections
Measure TR -lb requires new projects, excluding single- family homes, to in-
clude pedestrian or bicycle through- connections to existing sidewalks and
existing or future bicycle facilities, unless prohibited by topographical condi-
tions.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code and
Design Guidelines to include this requirement. New residential and non-
residential development, except for single - family homes, will be subject to
this requirement, incorporating it either into the project design or as mitiga-
tion in the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In addi-
tion, the Community Development Department will review development
applications for consistency with this measure.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Moderate to High
Staff -time costs of measure TR -lb are expected to be moderate and would
stem from the need to draft, adopt, and implement ordinances. The costs of
this measure will vary depending on the individual site characteristics and
intended layout of new developments. Even for developments with low con-
nectivity, the amount of land needed to provide such connections would rare-
ly exceed 1 percent of the total development area, and could be considerably
6 -3
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
lower.' If properly incorporated during the design phase, this requirement
would result in negligible increases to development costs. While it is not pos-
sible to reliably quantify direct GHG reductions from this individual meas-
ure, the measure greatly increases convenience for pedestrians and cyclists,
thus encouraging alternative forms of transportation. Though its individual
reductions are not precisely quantifiable, the measure's benefits would likely
be readily observable and, most notably, its costs are anticipated to be mini-
mal. Therefore this measure is deemed to have a moderate to high cost-
effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -Ic Safe Routes to School
Measure TR -lc directs the Town to seek grant funding to establish a Safe
Routes to School (SR2S) Program to increase student walking and biking
trips.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town and school districts will apply for
grant funding for a SR2S program, and if accepted, develop and implement
the program by constructing pedestrian and bicycle improvements and in-
stalling signage and lighting.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Direct costs for measure TR -lc are expected to be low and would stem from
staff time devoted to the pursuit and administration of pertinent grant fund-
ing. See the discussion for Measure TR -4a for information about the costs
associated with bicycle facilities. Costs associated with pedestrian facilities are
i This estimate is based on example from a low- density, suburban neighbor-
hood in Austin, Texas, where a pedestrian /bicycle throughway provided access be-
tween two low - connectivity streets. At 20 feet across, the right -of -way was relatively
wide. The total footprint of the throughway was 4,300 square feet, or about 0.7 per-
cent of the total 600,000 square foot area of the blocks it directly served.
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highly dependent upon the types and extent of new pedestrian infrastructure,
so it is impossible to accurately predict the total costs of the improvements
that would be included. However, plan costs from other Bay Area municipal-
ities can be instructive. Santa Rosa estimated the cost of implementing its
planned pedestrian improvements to be approximately $4.3 million total, It
is presumed that all costs of any SR2S Program would be largely or fully cov-
ered by awarded grants, such as the following federal grant programs: Trans-
portation Enhancement Program, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality
Improvement Program, and Highway Safety Improvement Program.
Though the individual reductions from this measure are projected to be low,
given its low anticipated costs, this measure is deemed to be moderately to
highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -I d Traffic Calming Measures
Measure TR -Id directs the Town to design and implement affordable traffic -
calming measures on specific streets to dissuade Highway 17 cut - through traf-
fic and attract pedestrian and bicycle traffic.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will design traffic calming measures
and construct them as appropriate.
it CostEfiectivenesa: Low
Measure TR -Id would result in relatively high staff -time costs for program
development and administration, as well as considerable costs from construc-
tion and maintenance of infrastructure as part of measure implementation. In
its 2012 Climate Action Plan, the City of Walnut Creek estimated the costs of
traffic calming measures at approximately $83,000 per 10 miles of roadway,
with costs split between the City and private developers.2 Total costs for Los
A345.
z City of Walnut Creek, 2012. City of Walnut Creek Climate Action Plan, page
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I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
Gatos will depend on the traffic calming methods used, the extent of their
implementation, and the proportion of costs assigned to developers. Signifi-
cant direct cost - savings for the Town are not anticipated; however, the Town
could potentially experience indirect benefits or savings from reduced air pol-
lution and increased pedestrian comfort and safety. Given the measure's high
anticipated cost and relatively low projected VMT reduction, it is deemed to
have low cost - effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -le Transit Access Improvements
Measure TR -le directs the Town to implement transit access improvements
through sidewalk /crosswalk safety enhancements and bus shelter improve-
ments.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will construct pedestrian safety and
other improvements to transit access.
If. Cost Effectiveness: Low
Measure TR -le would result in moderate staff -time costs for program devel-
opment and administration, as well as considerable costs from construction
and maintenance of infrastructure as part of measure implementation. Vari-
ous estimates are available for potential measure costs. The 2011 Sustainabil-
ity Action Plan for the City of Tracy estimated a cost of $5,000 to $8,000 per
shelter for transit stop upgrades and $6 per square foot of new sidewalk.' In
its 2012 Draft Climate Action Plan, the City of Santa Rosa estimated a
citywide program cost of between $200,000 and $500,000. San Ramon esti-
mated citywide costs ranging between $15,000 and $75,000.° Implementation
costs for Los Gatos will depend on the number and type of transit -stop up-
grades performed. While the Town is not anticipated to experience direct
'City of Tracy, 2010. City of Tracy Sustainability Action Plan.
'City of San Ramon, 2011. City of San Ramon Climate Action Plan.
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I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
cost - savings as a result of measure implementation, indirect benefits and sav-
ings could potentially be realized through decreased congestion and air pollu-
tion, and increased rider safety. Given this measure's high anticipated cost
and relatively low projected VMT reduction, it is deemed to have a low cost -
effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -2 North Forty Area Land Uses
Measure TR -2 requires a variety of local- serving commercial uses and encour-
ages mixed -use development in the North Forty area.
I . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will work with the North Forty de-
velopment team to ensure that local- serving commercial uses are included,
and to encourage mixed -use development. The North Forty development
project will amend the land use plans, as appropriate, to comply with this
measure.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff -time costs of measure TR -2 are expected to be low and would stem from
the need to coordinate with the North Forty development team to ensure
consistency with this measure. Measure TR -2 is particular to Los Gatos and
would not impose any direct additional implementation costs on the Town.
Any costs associated increased provision of municipal infrastructure or ser-
vices would likely be offset by increased property and sales tax receipts
and /or covered by developers. Developers could be faced with higher total
development costs given requirements for more intense land uses, but these
are anticipated to be consistent with construction costs for other similar de-
velopments. Moreover, more intense development in this area could help to
defray costs for both the Town and developers by providing for greater over-
all efficiency and economies of scale. Overall, the low costs of this measure
would likely be more than offset by increases to revenue and by the public
6 -7
T O W N OF L O S G A T O S
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I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
benefit of additional housing, jobs, and services. Given its potential for both
increased Town revenue and VMT reduction, this measure is deemed to be
highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
Assuming that the North Forty Specific Plan process continues to move for-
ward, the Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015
phase.
TR -3 Fixed -Route Shuttle
Measure TR -3 directs the Town to provide a fixed -route shuttle system to the
downtown area from key residential areas, employment and commercial cen-
ters, Vasona Light Rail, and Vasona Park.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and implement a fixed -
route shuttle system.
A Cost Effectiveness: Low
Costs stemming from measure TR -3 would largely depend on its specific im-
plementation, with staff -time costs dependent upon how shuttle system de-
sign and roll -out are approached. With contracted or Santa Clara Valley Val-
ley Transportation Authority (VTA) -run services, staff -time costs would be
dramatically lower than in the unlikely event that the Town were to design
and /or manage its own system. VTA provides contracted corporate shuttle
services between light -rail stations and key employers at a cost of about
$44,000 per year as of 2012.' These services, however, are dissimilar from
typical, fully public shuttle -bus services serving transit stations and down-
town areas. The City of Walnut Creek estimated in their 2012 Climate Ac-
tion Plan that providing Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) shuttles would car-
ry a City cost of $0 millions Shuttles in Los Gatos would likely be similar to
' Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, 2011. Adopted Biennial Budg-
et: Fiscal Years 2012 and 2013.
6 City of Walnut Creek, 2012. City of Walnut Creek Climate Action Plan.
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those of Walnut Creek and carry costs of a comparable magnitude. Given
that this measure carries a relatively high cost and that its VMT reduction,
though measurable, is very small, it is deemed to have a low cost - effectiveness.
11i. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR-4a New Bicycle Facilities
Measure TR -4a directs the Town to install new bicycle facilities throughout
the existing Town street network to close bicycle network gaps.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will construct new bicycle facilities.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Low
Planning and administration for the installation of new bicycle facilities under
measure TR -4a could carry low to moderate staff -time costs. The total cost of
new bike facilities would depend on the number and type of facilities in-
stalled. The cost discussion for TR -4b includes information on estimated cost
ranges for different types of bicycle parking. For its Bicycle Master Plan, the
City of Santa Rosa made cost estimates for various classes of bikeway. Class I
bicycle routes consist of trails exclusively for bicycles and /or pedestrians;
these carry estimated construction costs of $550,000 per mile, with annual
maintenance costs of $10,000 per mile. Class II bicycle routes comprise dedi-
cated bike lanes along existing roadways; these carry estimated construction
costs of $30,000 per mile, with annual maintenance costs of $2,000 per mile.
Class BI bicycle routes are characterized by shared roadways with bicycle
route signage and sometimes pavement stencils; these carry construction costs
of $2,500 per mile, with annual maintenance costs of $1,000 per mile. These
costs do not include additional infrastructure such as bike signals, crossings,
and loop detectors, and vary considerably by specific location. The estimated
total cost to implement the bicycle portion of the Bicycle and Pedestrian Mas-
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TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
ter Plan for the City of Santa Rosa was $38.9 million." Alternatively, the
City of Lafayette, which is of a similar size to Los Gatos, had higher average
per -mile costs for the various types of bikeways it planned to construct. The
total cost of implementing Lafayette's Bicycle Master Plan was estimated at
$12.7 million (in 2006 dollars), with an additional ten -year maintenance costs
of $832,659 annually (in 2016 dollars)
The Town of Los Gatos would not likely see direct cost savings as a conse-
quence of implementing this measure; however, indirect savings could be real-
ized through decreased congestion and air population from resultant trans-
portation mode trips. A precise quantification of such benefits, however, is
not feasible. Given this measure's high anticipated costs and relatively low
projected VMT reduction, it is deemed to have a low cost - effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -4b Bicycle Facilities in Development Projects
Measure TR -4b requires bicycle parking facilities and on -site showers in ma-
jor non - residential development and redevelopment projects.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
include this requirement. Significant new non - residential development and
redevelopment will be subject to this requirement, incorporating it either into
the project design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental document
pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development Department
will review development applications for consistency with this measure.
'City of Santa Rosa, 2010. City of Santa Rasa Bike and Pedestrian itlaster Plan.
s All costs from Santa Rosa Plan are in 2008 dollars.
e City of Lafayette, 2006. Lafayette Bikeways Master Plan.
6 -10
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
A Cost Effectiveness: Low
Drafting and adopting requirements under TR -4b could carry low to moder-
ate staff -time costs. The costs of bicycle parking and facilities vary greatly
depending on the number and type of parking installations. In a relatively
secure office or building, it may be possible to provide unsecured bicycle
parking or racks at per -space costs ranging from $50 or less to greater than
$200. Secure bicycle lockers are considerably more expensive, with per -space
costs ranging from $950 to $2500.10 The total cost of installing shower facili-
ties for bicycle commuters is estimated to range from $13,000 to $30,000, de-
pending on the configuration and number of shower stalls.° Cost savings
from the installation of bicycle facilities are not readily quantifiable; however,
possible reductions in the need for car parking and potential increases in
worker health and productivity could yield indirect cost savings. If bicycle
parking and facilities were used in lieu of or as a replacement for automobile
parking, then savings would far exceed costs." Given that the anticipated
costs of this measure are high relative to its projected VMT reduction, it is
deemed to have low cost - effectiveness as a GHG reduction strategy at present.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -4c Bicycle PerkinginDowntown
Measure TR -4c directs the Town to install high - quality bicycle - parking facili-
ties Downtown in centralized, safe, and secure areas.
10 Benjamin, Matthew T., 2003. Bicycle Parking. A Plan for the Los Angeles
County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
u Commuter Connections: How to Support Biking to work,
http: / /www. mwcog. org /commuter2 /employer /employcr_how_to_su pport_biki ng_t
o_work.htm, accessed on April 5, 2012.
" Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2012. Transportation Cost and Benefit
Analysis l7- Parking Costs.
6 -11
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will construct new bicycle - parking
facilities in the Downtown.
A Cost Effectiveness: Low
Planning and administration for the installation of new bicycle parking facili-
ties under measure TR -4a could carry low to moderate staff-time costs. The
materials and installation costs for high - quality bike parking could range from
$50 -200 per space for bike racks, to $950 -2,500 for secure bike lockers. Since
it is not anticipated that such facilities would replace car parking, measure
implementation would not offer any direct cost savings. Other indirect cost
savings could be realized through reduced congestion or increased commercial
activity generated by bicycle trips, but these are speculative and cannot readi-
ly be quantified. Civen the relatively high anticipated cost and generally low
projected VMT reduction from this measure, it is deemed to have a low cost -
effectiveness.
W. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -4d Bicycle - Sharing Program
Measure TR -4d directs the Town to encourage non - profit or volunteer organ-
izations in creating a bicycle- sharing program.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will encourage efforts of non - profit
and volunteer organizations to create bicycle- sharing programs, such as by
providing information on the Town's website.
it Cast Effectiveness: High
Town costs from measure TR -4d are expected to be low and would stem from
the materials and staff -time needed to support and coordinate with relevant
organizations. No other costs are anticipated from this measure. Though
this measure is not likely to result in direct cost savings, the Town or resi-
dents could potentially realize long -term benefits from bicycle sharing; these
6 -12
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
include lower transportation costs, decreased congestion, and improved air
quality. The magnitude or value of such benefits, however, will depend on
program implementation and participation levels; any estimate of these bene-
fits would be highly speculative. Though the projected VMT reduction from
this measure would be modest, the measure is anticipated to carry low costs,
present opportunities for cost savings, and would rely primarily upon work
done by volunteer or non - profit organizations. Therefore this measure is
deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -5 School Pool Program
Measure TR -5 directs the Town to implement a School Pool Program that
helps match parents to carpool students to school.
J. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town and school districts will develop the
School Pool Program and conduct related outreach.
A Cost Effectiveness High
Costs for measure TR -5 would stem mainly from the use of Town and school
district staff time and technical resources for program implementation, and
are expected to be low. Though the Town is not expected to experience di-
rect cost savings from this measure, it could result in significant transporta-
tion- related savings for parents with school -aged children. Additionally, the
Town could experience indirect savings through reduced traffic and conges-
tion, and subsequently improved air quality. Given that this measure is likely
to result in substantial cost savings and is projected to result in significant
VMT reductions, it is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
M. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
6 -13
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O L I N G
TR-6a Employer Commute Trip Reduction Program
Measure TR -6a directs the Town to encourage a voluntary Employer Com-
mute Trip Reduction Program.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop the voluntary programs
described above. New and existing non - residential development could both
participate on a voluntary basis.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
The drafting and adoption of an Employer Commute Trip Reduction pro-
gram under measure TR -6a could result in moderate to high staff time costs.
Programs costs would vary depending on the specific provisions of the adopt-
ed program. A 2001 study found that commuter trip reduction programs bad
an average gross cost of $156 per employee per year; however, the majority of
businesses spent less, at a range of $33 to $89 per employee per year.` ,14 Ad-
justed for inflation, the average annual per - employee cost of a trip reduction
program would be $202. Though this cost may seem high, commuter trip
reduction programs have frequently resulted in substantial overall cost savings
for both employers and workers.15 Direct cost - savings come mainly from the
reduced need for parking or parking subsidies. Additionally, telecommuting
has enabled some companies to reduce their need for office space. Indirect
savings have been realized through improved worker productivity, morale,
and health. For employees, savings arise primarily from reduced needs for
vehicle maintenance and fuel. Indirect municipal and community benefits are
realized through decreased congestion, air pollution, and infrastructure costs.
Since commuter trip reduction programs typically recoup their costs and have
a substantial potential to reduce VMT when coupled with other strategies,
measure TR -6a is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
13 Pollution Probe, 2001. North American Workplace -based Trip Reduction Pro-
grammes.
IT Costs in 2001 dollars.
15 Pollution Probe, 2001. North American Workplace -based Trip Reduction Pro-
grammes.
6 -14
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -6b Preferential Parking
Measure TR -6b encourages designated or preferred parking for vanpools, car-
pools, and electric vehicles in non - residential development.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
New non - residential development will be encouraged to incorporate designat-
ed parking into the project design. To this end, the Community Develop-
ment Department will discuss with project applicants the possibility of creat-
ing designated parking spots as part of proposed developments. The Town
will also recommend this strategy to businesses as appropriate (e.g., when
businesses seek to resurface or otherwise modify existing parking areas).
it Cost Effectiveness: High
As a voluntary measure, implementation of TR -6b would carry very low
staff time costs. Assuming that employers and businesses do not opt to create
additional parking to replace such designated spaces, additional direct costs
from implementation of this measure would be minimal, relating primarily to
signage, pavement striping, and, potentially, enforcement. These costs would
be incurred by businesses. If the provision of designated spaces leads to in-
creased vehicle pooling, cost savings could be realized through overall de-
creases in parking needs; however, precise estimates of such cost savings
would be speculative. Given that this measure carries a very low cost and
would contribute to substantial projected VMT reductions, it is deemed to be
highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -6c Car - Sharing Program
Measure TR -6c directs the Town to encourage non - profit or volunteer organ-
izations in creating or providing a car - sharing program.
6 -15
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will encourage the efforts of non-
profit and volunteer organizations to create car- sharing programs, such as by
providing information on the Town's website.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Town costs from measure TR -6c are expected to be low and would stem from
the materials and staff -time needed to support and coordinate with relevant
organizations. No other costs are anticipated from this measure. Though
this measure is not likely to result in direct cost savings, the Town or resi-
dents could potentially realize long -term benefits from car sharing; these in-
clude lower transportation costs, decreased congestion, and improved air
quality. The magnitude or value of such benefits, however, will depend on
program implementation and participation levels; any estimate of these bene-
fits would be highly speculative. Given that this measure is anticipated to
carry low costs and is projected to contribute to substantial VMT reductions,
it is deemed to be highly cost effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -7 Student Transit Outreach
Measure TR -7 directs the Town to coordinate with local school districts on
marketing, promoting, and educating students about the benefits of using
public transit as a mode of travel.
J. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with the school dis-
tricts to market, promote, and educate students and their families about trans-
it benefits.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Costs of measure TR -7 would stem from additional staff time for coordina-
tion activities with the school district and are anticipated to be low. Addi-
tional costs would result from the development, production, and distribution
6 -16
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
of outreach and educational materials. While no direct cost - savings are antic-
ipated, the Town would likely experience indirect benefits from reduced traf-
fic and congestion, and subsequently improved air quality. Given the low
anticipated costs of this measure and its projected significant VMT reductions,
it is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iil. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -8a Vehicle Circulation £or Parking
Measure TR -8a directs the Town to provide better wayfinding and smart
parking strategies with attractive signage to reduce vehicle circulation related
to searching for parking spaces in the C -2 /Central Business District Zone.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will design and install signage and oth-
er strategies to reduce vehicle circulation related to searching for parking in
the Downtown.
A Cost Effectiveness: Low
Staff -time costs for measure TR -8a would depend upon whether improve-
ments under the measure are carried out by the Town itself or through a pri-
vate firm contracted to implement a comprehensive program. In 2010, work-
ing with a consultant, the city of Alexandria, Virginia (population 150,000)
initiated a comprehensive wayfinding program in its Old Town district.
Phase I of this program was projected to cost a total of approximately
$250,000. It is anticipated that the total costs of such strategies in Los Gatos
would be less, proportional to the town's lower population and smaller busi-
ness district; however, actual costs would depend on program specifics. The
Town is not expected to experience direct cost savings from the implementa-
tion of this measure, but indirect savings could be realized through decreased
congestion and air pollution, and through potential increases in business pat-
ronage. Given the relatively high anticipated costs and low projected VMT
6-17
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N O M O N I T O R I N G
reductions resulting from this measure, it is deemed to have low cost -
effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR-8b Idling Reduction
Measure TR -8b directs the Town to encourage non - profit and volunteer or-
ganizations in conducting outreach to reduce car idling around schools during
pick -up and drop -off times.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will encourage efforts of non - profit
and volunteer organizations to reduce car idling around schools, such as by
providing information on the Town's website and other outreach.
it Cost Effectiveness: High
Town costs from measure TR -8b are expected to be low and would stem
from the materials and staff -time needed to support and coordinate with rele-
vant organizations. No other costs are anticipated from this measure.
Though this measure is not likely to result in direct cost savings, the Town or
residents could potentially realize long -term benefits from reduced car idling;
these include lower fuel spending and improved air quality. The magnitude
or value of such benefits, however, will depend on program implementation
and publicity efforts; any estimate of these benefits would be highly specula-
tive, Though the projected VMT reduction from this measure would be low,
the measure is anticipated to carry low costs, present opportunities for cost
savings, and would rely primarily upon work done by volunteer or non-
profit organizations. Therefore this measure is deemed to be highly cost -
effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
6 -18
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
b. Green Building
GB -1 Green Building Ordinance
Measure GB -1 directs the Town to develop a Green Building Ordinance that
requires energy- efficient design, 30 percent in excess of Title 24 standards to
coincide with the Voluntary Tier 2 standards of the California Green Build-
ing Code (CALGreen), for all new residential and non - residential buildings.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and adopt a Green Build-
ing Ordinance. New development will be subject to this ordinance and in-
corporate its requirements either into the project design or as mitigation in
the applicable environmental document pursuant to the CEQA. In addition,
the Community Development Department will review architectural plans for
consistency with this measure.
it Cast Effectiveness: High
Measure GB -1 is anticipated to have high staff -time costs due to the need to
draft and adopt a detailed ordinance for green building requirements. Devel-
opment costs associated with this measure stem mainly from increased mate-
rials and construction costs. It should be noted that irrespective of costs or
Town action, Title 24 standards are part of a State initiative that will establish
increasingly stringent building energy efficiency standards.
While the Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG &E) provides detailed cost
and cost - effectiveness analyses for green building standards at 15 percent over
Title 24, such calculations are not readily available for standards at 30 percent
over Title 24. PG &E has provided such analyses for the City of San Mateo,
which is located 26 miles to the northwest of Las Gatos and in the same state
climate zone. Estimated additional building costs for compliance with stand-
ards 15 percent over Title 24 in San Mateo range from $0.50 to $1.91 per
square foot for studied residential building types, and from $1.64 to $2.75 per
square foot for studied non - residential building types. For all building types,
simple payback times ranged from 9.4 to 27.9 years. PG &E's report subse-
quently concluded that standards at 15 percent over Title 24 were cost-
6 -19
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
effective for all studied building types. While these results do not make it
possible to extrapolate building costs for standards at 30 percent over Title 24,
they can offer a ballpark figure. It can be presumed that long -term energy
savings with standards at 30 percent over Title 24 would be even greater than
with standards at 15 percent over Title 24, though increased development
costs could lead to longer payback periods. As reported in Chapter 5, this
measure is expected to result in significant emissions reductions. Given the
anticipated long -run cost savings and significant emissions reductions, it is
deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
GB -2 GreenPoint Rated Building Guidelines
Measure GB -2 requires that all new and significantly remodeled homes follow
the Town's adopted GreenPoint Rated Building Guidelines.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate the GreenPoint requirements. New and significantly remodeled
homes will be subject to these requirements, incorporating them either into
the project design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental document
pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development Department
will review architectural plans for consistency with this measure.
ff. Cost Effectiveness: High
Measure GB -2 is anticipated to have moderate to high staff -time costs due to
the need to draft and adopt implementing ordinances for GreenPoint re-
quirements. Similar to measure GB -1 above and measure GB -1 in the munic-
ipal measures section, development costs associated with this measure will
stem from increased materials and construction costs. However, as with the
communitywide and municipal measures GB -I, measure GB -2 is likely to
result in substantial long term cost - savings from reduced energy and water
use, and potentially from improved human health. (See the cost analyses for
6 -20
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
these measures for a quantification of similar green building costs and discus-
sion of potential cost savings.) While formal cost analyses are not available
for GreenPoint Rated Building Guidelines, it can be reasonably assumed that
the costs and cost - effectiveness of these standards will be similar to those oth-
er green building requirements. As reported in Chapter 5, this measure is
expected to result in modest emissions reductions. However, given the antic-
ipated long -run cost - savings, it is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
GB-3 Incentives for Green Building Certification
Measure GB -3 provides incentives for LEED Silver certification or equivalent
GreenPoint rating.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will establish incentives for LEED
Silver certification or equivalent GreenPoint rating. As noted in Chapter 5,
this measure anticipates permitting- related incentives, such as priority in plan
review and processing. The Community Development Department will re-
view development project applications to consider whether projects meet the
incentives' certification /rating requirements, and will then follow through
with the incentives (e.g. by prioritizing the project above others that do not
meet the incentive's requirements). In order to utilize the incentives, devel-
opment project applications would demonstrate the LEED Silver certification
or equivalent GreenPoint rating.
A Cost Effectiveness High
Staff -time costs to draft and adopt incentives are anticipated to be low to
moderate. Additional costs of measure G13-3 will depend on what incentives
are developed and how they are implemented. Streamlined permitting or
other ministerial incentives may impose staff -time or other administrative
resource costs upon the Town. These costs, however, are expected to be low
and may be offset through the eventual benefits of increased green building.
6 -21
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
Alternatively, streamlined regulations or procedures could result in reduced
staff costs over time. At present, precise estimates of the costs, benefits, and
emissions impacts of this measure would be highly speculative. However,
given the measure's anticipated low costs and likely financial returns, it is
deemed to be a highly cost - effective GHG reduction strategy.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
GB -4 Solar Orientation
Measure GB -4 requires that development reduce energy use through solar
orientation by taking advantage of shade, prevailing winds, landscaping, and
sun screens.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New development will be subject to this re-
quirement, incorporating it either into the project design or as mitigation in
the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the
Community Development Department will review development project ap-
plications for consistency with this measure.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Moderate
Measure GB -4 is anticipated to have moderate to high staff time costs due to
the need to draft and adopt implementing ordinances for solar orientation
requirements. Other development costs from this measure would stem pri-
marily from increased compliance costs during development design. Any
additional construction or materials costs would likely be minimal. All of
these costs, however, could be partially or entirely offset by resultant energy
savings, though it is not feasible to determine the absolute amount or relative
magnitude of such potential cost savings. Though there is evidence to suspect
that this measure would pose little to no long -term costs, the savings potential
and GHG benefits of this measure are highly uncertain. Therefore, this
measure is deemed to have a moderate cost - effectiveness.
6 -22
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
GB -5 Removal of Barriers to Green Building
Measure GB -5 directs the Town to identify and remove regulatory or proce-
dural barriers to implementing green building practices in the town by updat-
ing codes, guidelines, and zoning.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will review existing codes, guidelines,
and zoning to identify regulatory or procedural barriers to green building
practices. Based on the results of this review, the Town will update any
codes, guidelines, and zoning documents to remove such barriers.
it Cost Effectiveness: Moderate
Measure GB -5 is anticipated to have moderate to high staff -time costs for
analysis and streamlining of regulations and procedures. If removal of barri-
ers involves streamlined permitting, reduced fees, or other ministerial chang-
es, this measure may impose additional staff -time or other administrative re-
source costs upon the Town. These costs, however, are expected to be low
and may be offset through the eventual benefits of increased green building.
Alternatively, streamlined regulations or procedures could result in reduced
staff costs over time. At present, precise estimates of the costs, benefits, and
emissions impacts of this measure would be highly speculative. Though there
is evidence to suspect that this measure would pose little to no long -term
costs, the savings potential and CHIC benefits of this measure are highly un-
certain. Therefore, this measure is deemed to have a moderate cost -
effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2020 phase.
GB -6 Regional Green Building Programs
Measure GB -6 directs the Town to coordinate with other local governments,
special districts, nonprofits, and other public organizations to share resources,
6 -23
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
achieve economies of scale, and develop green building policies and programs
that are optimized on a regional scale.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate, as applicable, with
other agencies for regional green building initiatives.
A Cost Effectiveness. High
Costs of measure GB -6 would stem from additional staff -time for coordina-
tion activities and could range from high to low, depending on the approach
taken. Successful achievement of regionally optimized policies and economies
of scale could offer significant cost - savings to the Town and to regional busi-
nesses who must navigate multiple public processes. However, any estimate
of cost savings or of GHG emissions reductions from this measure would be
highly speculative, and it may not be feasible to precisely quantify measure
impacts. Nevertheless, such coordination would typically be considered a
planning best practice. Despite its inherent uncertainties, the potential for
long -term efficiencies and GHG reductions make this measure a highly cost -
effective strategy.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
c. Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Fuels
RE -I AlternativeEnerVDevelopmentPlan
Measure RE -1 directs the Town to develop an Alternative Energy Develop-
ment Plan in partnership with PG &E and local alternative energy companies.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with PG &E to devel-
op the Alternative Energy Development Plan. As part of this process, the
Town will identify which types of alternative energy facilities are appropriate
in Los Gatos and where, identify means to address potential land use compat-
ibility conflicts, and establish a development review process for new alterna-
tive energy projects. Town staff will also review and update existing Town
6 -24
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
policies and ordinances to address alternative energy production and the find-
ings of the Alternative Energy Development Plan.
A Cost Effectiveness: Low
Costs for measure RE -1 would stem mainly from staff time and /or consultant
assistance needed to carefully draft and implement the Alternative Energy
Development Plan in cooperation with PG &E. Creation of such a plan
would likely represent a large undertaking with a long project timeline, espe-
cially given the various directives listed within this measure. After the plan is
adopted, on -going implementation and administration needs would create
long -term measure costs. On the other hand, implementation of this measure
is not anticipated to create significant costs for local residents or businesses,
and could lower costs associated with the approval of alternative energy facili-
ties. Since information regarding other similar types of plans is largely una-
vailable and since costs and savings from this measure would depend on its
particular provisions, it is not possible to provide a quantified cost estimate of
this measure. Given the measure's low GHG reduction potential reported in
Chapter 5 and relatively high costs, it is deemed to have a low cost -
effectiveness.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
RE-2 New Solar Homes Partnership
Measure RE -2 requires that residential projects of six units or more participate
in the California Energy Commission's New Solar Homes Partnership,
which provides rebates to developers of six units or more who offer solar
power in 50 percent of new units and is a component of the California Solar
Initiative, or a similar program with solar power requirements equal to or
greater than those of the California Energy Commission's New Solar Homes
Partnership.
6 -25
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New residential projects that include six or
more units will be subject to the requirement, and will therefore need to offer
solar power in 50 percent of the new units. This could be incorporated either
into the project design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental doc-
ument pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development De-
partment will review architectural plans for consistency with this measure.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Since the enabling ordinance for the requirement in measure RE -2 would be
relatively simple to draft and implement, staff -time costs are anticipated to be
low. The most significant costs would be borne by developers and by PG &E,
who would provide rebates for solar installations. (For a discussion of the
cost of photovoltaic solar systems, see the discussion for measure RE -3, be-
low.) Solar installation costs borne by developers could be passed on to resi-
dents through rents or home prices; however, it is anticipated that the energy
cost savings of solar systems would offset such costs relatively quickly, as ex-
plained for measure RE 3. Though the projected GHG reductions from this
measure are modest, as reported in Chapter 5, given its anticipated net cost
savings, this measure is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE-3 Renewable Energy Generation in Projects
Measure RE -3 requires that new or major rehabilitations of commercial, of-
fice, or industrial development greater than or equal to 20,000 square feet in
size incorporate solar or other renewable energy generation to provide 15
percent or more of the project's energy needs.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New or major rehabilitations of commercial,
office, or industrial development will be subject to the requirement, which
6 -26
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
could be incorporated either into the project design or as mitigation in the
applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the
Community Development Department will review architectural plans for
consistency with this measure.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
Since the enabling ordinance for the requirement in measure RE -3 would be
relatively simple to draft and implement, staff time costs are anticipated to be
low. The cost of photovoltaic solar installation in the Los Gatos area is esti-
mated to be approximately $5.75 per watt of system capacity.16 Total materi-
als and labor costs would vary by site, and by system characteristics and size.
It is also estimated that energy savings from photovoltaic systems in Los Ca-
tos allow system cost recovery after approximately five to six years of opera -
tion." Anticipated system lifetimes of 20 years or more and low maintenance
costs enhance the long -term savings from photovoltaic systems.18 Though the
projected GHG reductions from this measure are modest, as reported in
Chapter 5, given the potential long -term cost savings of photovoltaic installa-
tions, this measure is deemed highly cost - effective.
lit. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE-4 Leaf Blower Ordinance
Measure RE -4 directs the Town to consider adopting an ordinance to ban the
use of two -stroke engine leaf blowers.
IG The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, The Open PV Project,
http: / /openpv.nrel.gov /, accessed on Apr 10, 2012.
19 FindSolar Solar Calculator, http : //k w .findsolar.com /index.phpo
page= rightforme, accessed on April 10, 2012.
" Barbose, Galen, et at., 2011. Report: Tracking the Sun IV. An Historical
Summary of the Installed Cart of Photovoltaics in the United States from 1998 to 2010,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
6 -27
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B 1 L I T V P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and adopt an ordinance
to ban the use of two - stroke engine leaf dowers in place of electric and other
non- electric devices. Residents and businesses in Los Gatos will be subject to
this new ordinance.
fl. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Staff -time costs of measure RE -4 would stem from the need to draft, adopt,
and implement the enabling ordinance and guidelines, and are expected to be
moderate. Additional measure costs would include those associated with the
replacement of disallowed equipment and from potential home upgrades to
include exterior or garage electrical outlets. Electric leaf blowers currently
cost $30 -$60 per unit; the costs of potential outlet installation would vary
from home to home and it is uncertain how many homes might require such
retrofits. Given this uncertainty and a lack of information on the prevalence
of electric or gasoline leaf blowers, it is not feasible to determine a precise per
household or overall cost estimate. Given this lack of information and gen-
eral uncertainty, the cost - effectiveness of this measure cannot reasonably be
determined.
M. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012- 2015phase.
RE-5 Solar Ready Features
Measure RE -5 requires that all new buildings be constructed to allow for the
easy, cost - effective installation of future solar energy systems, where feasible.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New development will be subject to the re-
quirement, which could be incorporated either into the project design or as
mitigation in the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In
addition, the Community Development Department will review architectural
plans for consistency with this measure.
6 -28
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Hiffb
Measure RE -5 is anticipated to have moderate to high staff -time costs due to
the need to draft and adopt implementing ordinances for "solar ready" re-
quirements. Since retrofits for existing structures would not be required,
costs from this measure would stem primarily from increased compliance
costs during development design and from increased construction costs. Var-
ying estimates are available for per -home costs of solar- readiness, ranging
from $280 —$380 to $500 41,000. These costs, however, would serve to defray
future costs if a household elects to install solar energy systems. This measure
would not in and of itself result in measurable GHG reductions, but rather
would serve to enhance the implementation and cost effectiveness of other
measures. Since this measure would serve to decrease costs and enhance the
effectiveness of other measures, it is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE -6 Solar Energy Systems at Schools
Measure RE -6 directs the Town to work with the local school districts to en-
courage the use of solar energy systems at school facilities.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate, as applicable, with
local school districts to encourage solar energy at school facilities.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
Costs of measure RE -6 would stem from staff -time costs for school district
coordination activities and are anticipated to be very low. Any estimate of
GHG emissions reductions from this measure would he highly speculative
and it is not feasible to precisely quantify measure impacts. Nevertheless,
given that this measure has very low anticipated cost, could result in cost sav-
ings to the school district (see the cost analysis for measure RE -3), and offers
potential GHG reductions, it is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
6 -29
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE -7 Community Choice Aggregation
Measure RE -7 directs the Town to support and participate in regional efforts
to study the feasibility and interest in establishing community choice aggrega-
tion in Los Gatos.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will participate, as applicable, in re-
gional efforts to study the feasibility of establishing community choice aggre-
gation.
It Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Staff -time costs of measure RE -7 are expected to be low to moderate and
would stem from the need for staff to conduct research, and provide adminis-
trative and material support for efforts related to community choice aggrega-
tion. Since any sort of participation would be voluntary, this measure would
impose no direct costs on businesses or community members. This measure
is not anticipated to result in direct cost savings. In the event that Los Gatos
took part in the implementation of a community choice aggregation program,
the Town, residents, and businesses could experience either savings or addi-
tional costs, depending on subsequent changes to electricity rates. Predicting
such rate changes, however, would be speculative. It is likewise infeasible to
precisely project GHG emissions reductions that would result from this
measure. Such reductions would depend on what, if any, alterations are made
to the energy generation portfolio of Las Cams's electric provider. Since it is
not practical to precisely quantify the costs, savings, or GHG reductions re-
sulting directly from this measure, its specific cost - effectiveness cannot rea-
sonably be determined.
in. Implementation Schedule
This measure is somewhat dependent on the actions of other agencies in the
region. However, to the extent that regional efforts are underway, the Town
will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
6 -30
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
d. Energy Conservation
EC -1 Enerhy-EfficientAppliances and Lighting
Measure EC -1 requires new development to use energy- efficient appliances
that meet ENERGY STAR standards and energy- efficient lighting technolo-
gies that exceed Title 24 standards by 30 percent.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New development will be subject to the re-
quirement, which could be incorporated either into the project design or as a
mitigation in the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In
addition, the Community Development Department will review develop-
ment applications for consistency with this measure.
it Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff -time costs of measure EC -1 are expected to be moderate and would stem
from the need to draft, adopt, and implement ordinances. Requirements for
ENERGY STAR appliances and fixtures are expected to potentially add an
estimated $1,280 to the base cost of outfitting a typical home with conven-
tional appliances and fixtures.19 However, over the lifetime of these items,
the total value of energy savings would be expected to more than repay addi-
tional purchase costs.20 Though the measurable projected GHG reductions
are minimal, as reported in Chapter 5, given its low costs to the Town and
overall net savings, this measure is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
Is Each house is assumed to have the following appliances, with the attendant
extra costs from ENERGY STAR compliance: AC unit, $556; washer /dryer, $258;
refrigerator, $30; dishwasher, $12; ten indoor light fixtures, $32 each; two outdoor
light fixtures, $17 each; and 25 total lightbulbs, $2.80 apiece. This results in a total
added cost of $1280 per house. All of these estimates are based on appliance cost esti-
mates provided by the ENERGY STAR program (see following footnote).
Za EnergyStar Potential Savings Calculation Spreadsheets, 2000 -2011,
http: / /www.energystar.gov/ index. cfm? c =bLill< purchasinghus_ purchasing, accessed
April 10 2012.
6 -31
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC-2 Promotion of EnerAy Conservation
Measure EC -2 directs the Town to partner with PG &E and other appropriate
energy providers to promote energy conservation.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with PG &E to pro-
mote various existing PG &E programs that conserve energy, as well as to
develop new PG &E programs. In addition, the Town will partner with the
Silicon Valley Association of Realtors to encourage energy audits at the time
of residential and commercial building sales.
A Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Town costs from measure EC -2 are expected to be low and would stem pri-
marily from material and staff -time costs to create promotional materials and
conduct public outreach. Other costs from this measure could include mate-
rials costs for light -bulb giveaways or torchiere exchange programs, which is
anticipated to be funded through PG &E's incentive programs. Estimating
such costs at present, however, would be speculative. The promotion of EN-
ERGY STAR appliances for existing residential units, however, does have
quantifiable costs and benefits (see footnote for measure EC -1). Given EN-
ERGY STAR's anticipated energy cost savings and projected GHG reduc-
tions, this particular provision of measure EC -2 would be highly cost -
effective. Nevertheless, for most of the provisions under this measure, it is
not readily possible to quantify costs or GHG reductions. Therefore the
measure's overall cost - effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -3 Energy - Efficient Outdoor Lighting
Measure EC -3 requires that outdoor lighting fixtures be energy - efficient.
6 -32
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate the lighting efficiency requirements. New development will be
subject to the requirements, which could be incorporated either into the pro-
ject design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental document pursu-
ant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development and Parks and
Public Works Departments will review lighting plans for consistency with
this measure.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff time costs of measure EC -3 are expected to be moderate and would stem
from the need to draft, adopt, and implement ordinances. Energy- efficient
lighting often uses light- emitting diode (LED) technology, and costs for LED
technology continue to fall precipitously; LED streetlights are now available
at $200 per unit and life -cycle costs are now less than those of conventional
lighting technology.z12z Despite offering low projected GHG reductions, as
reported in Chapter 5, given its anticipated net cost savings, this measure is
deemed to be highly cost- effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC-4 Kill -A- Watt Electricity Usage Monitor program
Measure ECA directs the Town to continue the Kill -A -Watt Electricity Usage
Monitor program, through which residents can check out a device from the
library that can he plugged into household electronics to see how much elec-
tricity they require.
a Science Daily, March 8 2010, LED Streettights Best BtT for Cities, Researchers
Report, http: //w w.sciencedaily.com/ releases /2010/03/100308132136.hLm, accessed
April 19, 2012.
ez Linbaugh, Kate, April 9 2012, LED Streetlight's Price Cut in Hall; Wall Street
Journal.
6 -33
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITV PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will ensure long -term continuation of
the existing Kill -A -Watt electricity Usage Monitor program.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Town costs from measure ECA are expected to be low and would stem from
the cost of new or replacement meters, and from staff -time costs to administer
the on -going program. It is anticipated that there would be no other costs
from this measure. While this measure has very low costs, it is not possible to
quantify resulting GHG emissions reduction. Therefore this measure's cost -
effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -5 Law - Income Weatherization
Measure EC -5 directs the Town to seek funding to implement a low- income
weatherization program.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will investigate funding opportunities
for weatherization of properties owned by low - income residents.
ii. Cost Effectiveness High
Town costs from measure EC -5 are expected to be low and would stem from
staff -time costs to seek relevant funding. Assuming the Town identifies and
obtains full weatherization program funding, it is anticipated that staff -time
would be the only source of net costs for the Town from this measure. While
this measure has very low anticipated costs, it is not possible to quantify re-
sulting GHG emissions reduction. Therefore the measure's cost effectiveness
cannot reasonably be determined. It should be noted, however, that federally
administered weatherization programs typically apply treatments which pro-
6 -34
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
vide savings commensurate with their costs.23 If any local weatherization
program pursuant to this measure were to follow similar guidelines, such a
program could in itself be highly cost - effective.
ii1. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -6 Quality Insulation Installation
Measure EC -6 directs the Town to provide links to and /or contact infor-
mation on the Town's website for education and outreach by outside organi-
zations that promote quality insulation installation (QII), which eliminates
gaps in buildings.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will provide links and /or contact in-
formation on the Town's website as directed above.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Town costs from measure EC -6 are expected to be very low and would stem
from staff time costs to update the website. It is anticipated that there would
be no other costs from this measure. While this measure has very low antici-
pated costs, it is not possible to quantify the resulting GHG emissions reduc-
tion, in part because the measure contains no requirements or regulations.
Therefore, the measure's cost effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
It should be noted, however, that energy savings from improved insulation
could render such installations highly cost - effective in and of themselves.
lit. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
23 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Retrospective Evaluation of the
Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP), http: / /weatherization.oml.gov/
evaluation_nr.shtml, accessed on Apr 25, 2012.
6 -35
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
EC -7 Energy Audit Funding Sources
Measure EC -7 directs the Town to compile a list of funding sources that local
residents, businesses, or the Town could potentially access to fund energy
audits to inform homeowners and businesses of opportunities to improve the
energy efficiency of their homes and buildings.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will research and compile a list of po-
tential funding sources for energy audits and energy efficiency upgrades for
homes and businesses. The Town will also conduct outreach to make this
information available to homes and businesses.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Town costs from measure EC -7 are expected to be low and would stem from
staff -time costs to compile relevant information and distribute it to home-
owners and businesses. It is anticipated that there would be no other costs
from this measure. While this measure has very low anticipated costs, it is
not possible to quantify resulting GHG emissions reductions. Therefore the
measure's cost effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
It Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -8 CaliformaFIRSTProgram
Measure EC -8 directs the Town to continue participation in the Californi-
aFIRST program, which provides innovative, low interest financing for ener-
gy efficiency projects for existing and new development.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue to participate in the Cal -
iforniaFIRST program.
It Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Town costs from measure EC -8 are expected to be low and would stem from
staff -time costs to administer the on -going program. It is anticipated that
6 -36
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
there would be no other costs from this measure. While this measure has
very low anticipated costs, the GHG emissions reductions are unknown.
Therefore the measure's cost effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
It should be noted, however, that other jurisdictions have deemed participa-
tion in CaliforniaFirst to be a locally cost - effective means of promoting ener-
gy savings. 24
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -9 Heat Island Mitigation Plan
Measure EC -9 directs the Town to develop a "heat island" mitigation plan
that requires cool roofs, cool pavements, and strategically placed shade trees.
I . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop the heat island mitigation
plan, and amend the Municipal Code and Design Guidelines to integrate the
heat island mitigation requirements. New development will be subject to the
heat island requirements, which could be incorporated either into the project
design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental document pursuant to
CEQA. In addition, the Community Development Department will review
development applications for consistency with this measure.
A CostEffectiveness: High
Measure EC -9 would be expected result in high staff -time costs for the devel-
opment and adoption of the heat island mitigation plan as well as enabling
ordinances for plan requirements. Costs for residents and businesses would
stem from the materials, installation, and maintenance costs for cool roofs
and pavements, as well as trees. The Environmental Energy Technologies
Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has estimated that
cool roofing cost premiums range from no additional cost to an additional
$0.20 per square foot, depending on the slope and size of the roof area, as well
24 County of San Diego, December 8 2009, Board of Supervisors Agenda
Item 30.
6 -37
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
as the type of cool roof installed. However, this group has also estimated that
cost savings from cool roofs range from $0.16 to $0.77 per square foot and
that cool roofs would be cost effective in the vast majority of California's
climate zones, including that of Los Gatos.25 Cool roofing offers these cost
savings through reductions in both building heat gain and urban heat island
effects, thereby decreasing energy use; additional cost savings can be realized
through longer roof lifetimes due to reduced heat - stress on materials.
In its cool pavement documentation, the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) notes that it is difficult to make cost comparisons between
conventional and cool pavement options, but does provide estimated cost
ranges. Inexpensive cool pavement options such as asphalt using light - colored
aggregates can cost as little as $0.10 to $1.50 per square foot, while more du-
rable or aesthetically pleasing options such as vegetated or un- vegetated pav-
ing blocks may cost anywhere from $1.50 to $10.00 per square foot. Other
surfacing options such as microsurfacing or ultra -thin white- topping can cost
anywhere between $0.35 and $6.50 per square foot. Despite these variations
in its cost estimates, the EPA stresses that benefits of such pavement systems
include lowered heat gain, decreased stormwater runoff and pollution, and in
some cases longer pavement lifetimes; the long -term savings from these bene-
fits can often outweigh the added costs of nonconventional paving systems. 26
Additionally, recent studies have indicated that higher reflectivity pavements
could significantly offset global warming. 27
2s Levinson, Ronnen, et at., December 2002, Inclusion of Cool Roofs in Nonresi-
dential Title 24 Prescriptive Requirements, Heat Island Group - Environmental Energy
Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
* US EPA, Reducing Urban Heat Islands. Compendium of Strategies Cool Pave-
ments.
u Akbari. Hashem, et al., 2012, The Long Term Effect of Increasing the Albedo of
Urban Areas, Environmental Research Letters.
6 -38
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
In regard to trees, studies have found that every dollar invested in urban trees
can result in returns of $1.37 to $3.09.28 Additionally, urban tree planting has
been found to reduce GHG emissions through cooling and shading effects.29
While this measure is not predicted to reduce GHG emissions beyond the
reductions anticipated by Title 24 standards, . its benefits could potentially be
substantial. Although the local costs and savings of a comprehensive heat -
island mitigation plan cannot be precisely estimated, the available evidence
strongly indicates substantive long -term cost savings from these programs.
Therefore, given its strong potential for cost savings and other benefits, this
measure is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC-10 Heat Gain Reduction
Measure EC -10 requires all new development and major rehabilitation pro-
jects to incorporate strategies to reduce heat gain for 50 percent of the non -
roof impervious site landscape.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New development and major rehabilitation
projects will be subject to the requirement, which could be incorporated ei-
ther into the project design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental
document pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development
Department will review development applications for consistency with this
measure.
28 McPherson, Greg, et al., 2005. Municipal Forest Benefits and Costs.
29 McPherson, Greg, 2007. Urban Tree Planting and Greenhouse Gas Reduc-
Lions, Arborist News.
6 -39
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
The requirements of measure EC -10 would already be met through compli-
ance with Title 24; therefore, measure EC -10 would itself impose no addition-
al costs. The GHG reductions resulting from measure EC -10 are accounted
for in estimated reductions from State Title 24 standards. Since neither its
costs nor GHG reductions are individually estimated, this measure's individ-
ual cost effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -11 Programmable Thermostats
Measure EC -11 directs the Town to encourage the installation of program-
mable thermostats in existing residential and commercial buildings.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will conduct outreach to encourage
the installation of programmable thermostats in existing buildings. In addi-
tion, to comply with Title 24 requirements, the Town will require replace-
ment of thermostats when approving permits requiring heating /cooling sys-
tem renovation.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff time costs for measure EC -11 are expected to be low and would stem
from promotional materials, public education efforts, or Town guidelines to
promote installation of programmable thermostats. Since installation would
be voluntary, no additional costs would be imposed. Programmable thermo-
stats cost approximately $100 with installation costs generally between $50
and $100. Residents who choose to install programmable thermostats could,
however, experience energy savings of about 10 percent per year.30 Tools
available from the federal ENERGY STAR program estimate that for areas of
`U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Savers webpage, http: / /www.energy
savem.gov /your home/ space_ heating _cooling /index.cfm /mytopic= 12720, accessed
on April 26 2012.
6 -40
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
central California, yearly savings could total $55.31 Since this measure is vol-
untary, it is not feasible to precisely quantify resultant GHG emissions reduc-
tions. Though individual emissions reductions for the measure cannot be
quantified, this measure has the potential to result in net cost savings. There-
fore, this measure is therefore deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC 12 Energy Conservation through Design Outreach
Measure EC -12 directs the Town to form a volunteer committee of local de-
sign professionals to create a brochure to educate citizens on how to save en-
ergy through design.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will spearhead the creation of a volun-
teer committee to create the brochure.
ii. Cost Effectiveness Unknown
Town costs from measure EC -12 are expected to be low and would stem from
staff -time costs to convene and facilitate the resultant committee, as well as
printing costs for the brochure. It is anticipated that there would be no other
costs from this measure. The measure has very low costs, but it is not possi-
ble to quantify resulting GHG emissions reductions. Therefore the measure's
cost effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
31 ENERGY STAR Potential Savings Calculation Spreadsheets, 2009 -2011,
http: //w .encrgystar.gov/ index. cf m? c= bulk_purchasing.bus— purchasing, accessed
April 10 2012.
6 -41
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
e. Water and Wastewater
WWI Water Use and Efficiency Requirements
Measure WW -1 requires all water use and efficiency measures identified as
voluntary in the California Green Building Standards Code for all new devel-
opment.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate these requirements. New development will be subject to these
requirements, incorporating them either into the project design or as mitiga-
tion in the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In addi-
tion, the Community Development Department will review development
project applications for consistency with this measure.
A Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Staff -time costs of measure WW -1 are expected to be moderate to high and
would stem from the need to draft, adopt, and implement enabling ordinanc-
es. Costs to developers or homeowners will vary depending on what steps are
taken to meet these requirements. These requirements also overlap consider-
ably with the provisions of statewide water conservation initiatives, compli-
cating any quantification of direct measure costs. As reported in Chapter 5,
the GHG reductions from measure WW -1 are measurable, but quite modest;
its direct costs cannot be precisely quantified; and its provisions overlap con-
siderably with State requirements. Given these uncertainties, the cost -
effectiveness of measure WW -1 cannot reasonably be determined. It should
be noted however, that the content of this measure may be viewed as an im-
portant component of a broader strategy for water -use reduction.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2020 phase.
WW-2a Water Efficiency Retrofits Ordinance
Measure WW -2a directs the Town to adopt a water efficiency retrofit ordi-
nance that requires upgrades as a condition of issuing permits for renovations
6 -42
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
or additions, and to work with local water purveyors to achieve consistent
standards and review and approval procedures for implementation.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and adopt a water effi-
ciency retrofit ordinance. Applicants for permits for renovations or additions
will be subject to this ordinance and incorporate its requirements either into
the project design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental document
pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development Department
will review permit applications for consistency with this measure.
ii. Cost Effectiveness. Unknown
Staff time costs of measure WW -2a are expected to be moderate to high and
would stem from the need to coordinate with water purveyors, and draft,
adopt, and implement enabling ordinances. Costs and savings for homeown-
ers and businesses will vary depending on what requirements are established
and what steps are taken to meet them. These requirements also overlap con-
siderably with the provisions of statewide water conservation initiatives,
complicating any quantification of direct measure costs or benefits. Although
this measure contributes to modest GHG reductions, as reported in Chapter
5, its direct costs cannot be precisely quantified. Given these uncertainties,
the cost - effectiveness of measure WW-2a cannot reasonably be determined. It
should be noted, however, that the content of this measure may be viewed as
an important component of a broader strategy for water -use reduction.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
WW-2b Water Conservation Pricing
Measure WW -2b directs the Town to work with the San Jose Water Compa-
ny (SJWC) and Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) to adopt water
conservation pricing.
6 -43
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with SJWC and
SCVWD to encourage them to adopt water pricing that promotes conserva-
tion.
A CostEf£ecLiveness: Unknown
Staff -time costs of measure WW -2b are expected to be moderate and would
stem from the need to coordinate with water purveyors to achieve conserva-
tion pricing goals. Costs and savings for homeowners will vary depending on
what rate structures or other conservation methods are adopted, and what
actions individual homeowners take. The effects of this measure also overlap
considerably with those of statewide water conservation initiatives, compli-
cating the quantification of direct costs or benefits. Although this measure
contributes to modest GHG reductions, as reported in Chapter 5, its direct
costs cannot be precisely quantified. Given these uncertainties, the cost -
effectiveness of measure WW-2b cannot reasonably be determined. It should
be noted, however, that the content of this measure may be viewed as an im-
portant component of a broader strategy for water -use reduction.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
WW-3 Bay Friendly Landscaping
Measure WW -3 requires new development to use native plants or other ap-
propriate non - invasive plants that are drought - tolerant.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New development will be subject to the re-
quirement, which could be incorporated either into the project design or as
mitigation in the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In
addition, the Community Development Department will review landscape
plans for consistency with this measure.
6 -44
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
ii. Cost Effectiveness High
Staff -time costs of measure WW -3 are expected to be moderate and would
stem from the need to draft, adopt, and implement ordinances. Other costs
from this measure would stem from the additional expense of selecting and
planting appropriate plants. Costs for water efficient landscaping vary, with
multiple estimates, including $3.50 to $10 per square foot, $1.37 to $1.93 per
square foot, and $1,500 to $15,000 for an entire project.'t'a" Installation
costs could be lower, however, for yards which substitute in native plants,
but are otherwise conventional. Maintenance costs of xeriscaping vary and
may be either higher or lower than those of conventional lawns. Studies of
xeriscaping have indicated that simple payback times for conversion projects
range from two to six years.35 Since this measure would only apply to new
developments, costs would be lower than for retrofits, potentially improving
payback times. However, since overall water savings from implementation of
this measure cannot be reliably predicted, GHG emissions reductions from
this measure cannot be precisely quantified. Nevertheless, since installation
of low -water and drought- tolerant landscaping would lead to net cost savings,
this measure is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
ill. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
WW-4 WaterEfficlent Landscape Ordinance Update
Measure WW -4 directs the Town to review and update the Town's Water
Efficient Landscape Ordinance with improved conservation programs and
32 Wardell, Sean, February 6 2012. Xeriscape business blooming Killeen Daily
Herald.
"Caldwell, Elizabeth, July 17 2007. With Xeriscaping Grass Needn't Always Be
Greener, USAToday.
3" Southern Nevada Water Authority, 2005. Xeriscape Conversion Study Final
Report.
31 Southern Nevada Water Authority, 2005. Xeriscape Conversion Study Final
Report.
6 -45
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
incentives for non - residential customers that are consistent with the Tier 1
water conservation standards of Title 24.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will periodically review the existing
Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance, and update it to include improved con-
servation programs and incentives to maintain consistency with State man-
dates. New development will be subject to the updated landscape require-
ments and incentives.
fl. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Staff -time costs of measure WW-4 are expected to be low to moderate and
would stem from the need to draft, adopt, and implement ordinance updates.
Other costs from this measure will depend on what programs and incentives
are developed and how they are implemented. (See cost analysis of WW-3 for
discussion of costs and savings of water efficient landscapes.) While overall
costs of this measure are anticipated to be low, it would not reduce GHG
emissions beyond State requirements. Given the uncertainty regarding both
measure costs and resulting GHG reductions, the cost effectiveness of this
measure cannot reasonably be determined. It should be noted however, that
the content of this measure may be viewed as a potentially necessary individ-
ual component of a broader strategy for water use reduction.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
WW5 Water Audit Programs
Measure WW-5 directs the Town customers to promote water audit programs
that offer free water audits to single - family, multi - family, large landscape ac-
counts, and commercial customers, in collaboration with efforts by SJWC
and SCVWD. It also directs the Town to collaborate with purveyors to enact
conservation programs and create programs to install ultra -low -flush toilets in
facilities.
6 -46
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will conduct outreach to promote
water audit and other programs of SJWC and SCVWD. The Town will also
collaborate with these agencies to create new water conservation programs.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Unknown
Staff -time costs of measure WW -5 are expected to be low to moderate and
would .stem from material and staff -time costs to promote water audit pro-
grams and work with water purveyors. Costs and savings for homeowners
and businesses will vary depending on the results of individual audits and
what actions are subsequently taken. The effects of this measure also overlap
considerably with those of statewide water conservation initiatives, compli-
cating any quantification of direct costs or benefits. GHG emissions reduc-
tions from this measure have already been accounted for by measure WW -2.
Since it is not practical to quantify the costs, benefits, or GHG reductions
resulting directly from this measure, its specific cost - effectiveness cannot rea-
sonably be determined. It should be noted, however, that the content of this
measure may be viewed as an important component of a broader strategy for
water use reduction.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
WW-6 Rainwater Collection Policy
Measure WW -6 directs the Town to encourage residential rainwater collec-
tion and consider updating the Zoning Code or other code amendments as
needed to encourage and support permitting and regulation of residential
rainwater systems.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop the rainwater collection
policy and consider amending the Municipal Code to incorporate it. If
adopted, existing and new residential development may develop a rainwater
collection system through this new permit procedure.
6 -47
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O U N G
ii. Cost Effectiveness: Un1O7own
Staff time costs of measure WW-6 are expected to be moderate and would
stem from the need to draft, adopt, and implement enabling ordinances and
zoning code updates. Costs and savings for home and business owners would
depend on program participation and Town requirements. Any effects of this
measure would overlap considerably with those of statewide water conserva-
tion initiatives, complicating any quantification of direct costs or benefits.
Since it is not practical to quantify the costs, benefits, or GHG reductions
resulting directly from this measure, its specific cost - effectiveness cannot rea-
sonably be determined. It should be noted, however, that the content of this
measure may be viewed as an important component of a broader strategy for
water -use reduction.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
I. Solid Waste
As reported in Chapter 5, the solid waste measures included in this section
will support the Town's waste reduction and diversion programs that are re-
quired by State law, but will not further reduce GHG emissions from solid
waste generated in Los Gatos beyond what was estimated in the adjusted fore-
cast. Since these measures will not reduce GHG emissions beyond what is
already required by State law, it is generally not practical to provide estimates
of cost - effectiveness for those measures. Some solid waste measures, however,
present clear -cut cost saving opportunities, and it is possible to automatically
classify such measures as highly cost - effective, irrespective of resulting GHG
reductions. All solid waste measures with cost savings potential and therefore
high cost - effectiveness are analyzed below. For all other solid waste measures,
the cost - effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined; however, the content
of these measures may be viewed as an important component of a broader
strategy for waste reduction.
MUM
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
SW -1 Construction Waste Diversion
Measure SW -1 directs the Town to revise the existing construction and demo-
lition ordinance to require at least 50 percent diversion of non - hazardous con-
struction waste from disposal.
1. Action Items and Responsible parties
To implement this measure, the Town will revise the existing construction
and demolition ordinance to include this requirement. Construction and
demolition activities in Los Gatos will be subject to this requirement, and
Town staff will review construction and demolition permit applications to
ensure compliance with this measure.
it Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff -time costs of measure SW -1 are expected to be moderate and would stem
from the need to draft, adopt, and implement enabling ordinances for the
measure's requirements. Construction costs or savings from this measure
would depend, in large part, upon the specific circumstances and characteris-
tics of any particular project. Despite this variability, CalRecycle offers gen-
eralized estimates for the cost of recycling various construction materials.
Additionally, Build It Green estimates that recycling or reuse of demolition
and construction wastes can save between $0.10 and $1.00 per square foot"
Because measure SW -1 is anticipated to result in net savings in itself, it is
deemed to be highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
SW2 RecyclingAreasinMulti- Family Developments
Measure SW -2 requires all new and significant redevelopments and remodels
of existing multi family developments to provide recycling areas for their
residents within existing trash areas.
"Built It Green, 2006. Construction &Demolition Waste Diversion,
http: / /www.builditgreen.org/ attachments /wysiwyg /3 /CD- Waste - Diversion.pdf,
accessed Apr 12, 2012.
6 -49
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will amend the Municipal Code to
incorporate this requirement. New and significant redevelopments will be
subject to the requirement, which could be incorporated either into the pro-
ject design or as mitigation in the applicable environmental document pursu-
ant to CEQA. In addition, the Community Development Department will
review development applications for consistency with this measure.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff -time costs of measure SW -2 are expected to be moderate and would stem
from the need to draft, adopt, and implement enabling ordinances for the
measure's requirements. Other costs for this measure could arise from the
need for increased space, management, or number of receptacles to accom-
modate recycling. These costs, however, are anticipated to be very low rela-
tive to overall construction or remodeling costs. Because this measure is an-
ticipated to result in very low costs and would support the Town's waste di-
version goals, it is deemed to be highly cost - effective.
in. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
SW-3 Salvaged, Recycled - Content, and Local Construction Materials
Measure SW -3 encourages the use of salvaged and recycled - content materials
and other materials that have low production energy costs for building mate-
rials, hard surfaces, and non -plant landscaping, and requires sourcing of con-
struction materials locally, as feasible.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop informational materials
and outreach to encourage the use of salvaged and recycled materials, and will
amend the Municipal Code to require the sourcing of construction materials
locally as feasible. Construction projects will be subject to the requirement,
which could be incorporated either into the project design or as mitigation in
the applicable environmental document pursuant to CEQA. In addition, the
NI ME
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
Community Development Department will review development applications
for consistency with this measure.
it Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
SW-4 Food and Green Waste
Measure SW -4 directs the Town to work with public and private waste dis-
posal entities to keep food and green waste out of landfills.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with its waste disposal
company to encourage acceptance of food and green waste for curbside pick-
up.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
SW-5 Recycling and Compostinglncentives
Measure SW -5 directs the Town to work with public and private waste dis-
posal entities to incentivize recycling and composting.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with its waste disposal
company to develop incentive programs for recycling and composting.
It Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
SW -6 Downtown Recycling Containers
Measure SW -6 directs the Town to continue to provide recycling containers
in the Downtown area.
6 -51
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will replace recycling containers in the
Downtown, as needed, and install new containers as appropriate.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
SW-7 Waste Reduction Outreach
Measure SW -7 directs the Town to expand educational programs to inform
residents about reuse, recycling, composting, waste to energy, and zero waste
programs.
I . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will expand educational and outreach
programs about waste reduction.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
SW-8 Plastic Bag Ordinance
Measure SW -8 directs the Town to adopt an ordinance to ban the use of plas-
tic bags in Los Gatos.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and adopt an ordinance
to ban the use of plastic bags in Los Gatos. Retail stores will be subject to this
ordinance, and the Community Development Department will review use
permit applications to ensure compliance with this measure.
It Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
SW -9 Purchasing of Recycled Materials
Measure SW -9 directs the Town to develop policies, incentives, and design
guidelines that encourage the public and private purchase and use of durable
[10%
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
and nondurable items, including building materials, made from recycled ma-
terials or renewable resources.
J . Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop policies, incentives, and
guidelines to encourage the purchase of items made from recycled or renewa-
ble resources.
11. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
SW-10 Additional Waste Diversion
Measure SW 10 directs the Town to aim to achieve the 75 percent waste di-
version goal established by AB 341.
I Action Items and Responsible Partles
To implement this measure, the Town will develop policies and incentives to
encourage the additional waste diversion.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
g. Open Space
As noted in Chapter 5, the open space measures would not result in measure -
able reductions in GHG emissions in Los Gatos. Since projected GHG emis-
sions reductions from individual open space measures are not available, it is
generally not practical to provide estimates of cost - effectiveness for those
measures. Some open space measures, however, present clear -cut cost saving
opportunities, and it is possible to automatically classify such measures as
highly cost - effective, irrespective of resulting GHG reductions. All open
space measures with cost savings potential and therefore high cost -
effectiveness are analyzed below. For all other open space measures, the cost -
effectiveness cannot reasonably be determined.
6 -53
T O W N OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
OS-I Community Garden and Urban Farm Sizes Inventory
Measure OS -1 directs the Town to identify and inventory potential commu-
nity garden and urban farm sites, and develop a program to establish commu-
nity gardens in appropriate locations.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will conduct an inventory of potential
community garden sites and develop the associated community garden pro-
grams.
it Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
OS-2 Garden Areas in New Development
Measure OS -2 encourages significant new residential developments over 50
units to include space that can be used to grow food.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop informational materials
and conduct outreach during the project review process to encourage devel-
opment applicants to include garden areas in large residential projects.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
OS -3 Community Garden Process
Measure OS -3 directs the Town to establish a process through which a neigh-
borhood can propose and adopt a site as a community garden.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop a process for the estab-
lishment of new community garden sites. Neighborhoods could take ad-
vantage of this new program to create new community garden sites, if inter-
ested.
6 -54
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
OS -4 Los Gatos Farmers' Market
Measure OS -4 directs the Town to continue to support the Los Gatos Farm-
ers' Market as a source for locally -grown food.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue to support the Farmers'
Market through outreach and institutional support.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
OS -5 Public Food Benefits at the Farmers'Marlcet
Measure OS -5 encourages the Los Gatos farmers' market to accept food
stamps and other public food benefits.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with the organizers of
the Los Gatos' Farmers Market to encourage acceptance of public food bene-
fits.
11. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
OS -6 Wildland Fire Prevention
Measure OS -6 directs the Town to continue to actively pursue wildland fire
prevention in forested areas of Los Gatos to avoid loss of carbon sequestra-
tion.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue its wildland fire preven-
tion efforts in forested areas, including outreach to residents of these areas
about wlldland fire prevention.
6 -55
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
it Cost Effectiveness: High
Costs to the Town from measure OS -6 are expected to be low to moderate
and would stem from materials and staff -time to conduct public outreach and
education regarding wildfire prevention strategies. Sources of additional di-
rect and indirect costs to residents could include, but are not limited to, fire -
resistant building materials, defensive landscaping, and burn restrictions.
Such costs would vary depending on what preventive actions are required or
voluntarily taken, and cannot be precisely predicted. However, the Town
and residents alike could potentially realize substantial savings through avert-
ed loss of life and property and reduced fire - fighting costs. While it is not
possible to precisely project such savings, fire prevention education efforts
alone have been shown to provide marginal benefits at anywhere from 10 to
95 times their cost." While wildfires make significant contributions to GHG
emissions," it is infeasible to precisely model impacts to GHG emissions
from this measure. GHG emissions from wildfires vary widely, and it is un-
realistic to speculate how many wildfires in the Los Gatos area may be pre-
vented or made less severe by implementation of this measure. Though it is
not practical to precisely quantify the costs, savings, or GHG reductions re-
sulting directly from this measure, wildfire prevention has been shown to be
in itself highly cost - effective. Therefore, this measure is deemed to be a high-
ly cost - effective GHG reduction strategy.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
h. Community Action
As noted in Chapter 5, the community action measures would not result in
measureable reductions in GHG emissions in Los Gatos. Since projected
GHG emissions reductions from individual community action measures are
37 Prestemon, Jeff P., et al., 2010. Net Benefits of Wildfire Prevention Education
Efforts, Forest Science 56(2).
"Bonnicksen,T., Ph.D., 2008. Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Four California
Dildil es: Opportunities To Prevent and Reverse Environmental And Climate Impacts,
Forest Carbon and Emissions Model.
6 -56
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
not available, it is not practical to provide estimates of cost - effectiveness for
those measures.
CA4 Local Business Participation
Measure CA -1 directs the Town to develop and implement an outreach plan
to engage local businesses in GHG emissions reduction programs.
J. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and implement an out-
reach plan for local businesses. Local businesses could engage in GHG emis-
sion reductions programs on a volunteer basis.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
CA -2 Sustainabilitylnformat7on Center
Measure CA -2 directs the Town to establish and maintain a `sustainability
information center' at the Town Hall or Library to inform the public and
distribute available brochures, and provide information on sustainability on
the Town's website.
i_ Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop outreach materials, estab-
lish and maintain the sustainability information center, and regularly update
the Town's website with sustainability information.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
CA -3 Los Gatos: Growing Greener Together Campaign
Measure CA -3 directs the Town to continue and expand the Los Gatos:
Growing Greener Together Campaign.
6 -57
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITV PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue this existing program,
and expand it to provide information at public venues, such as the farmers'
market.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase-
CA -4 Support for Local Businesses
Measure CA -4 directs the Town to continue economic vitality programs
aimed at supporting local business by encouraging residents to shop locally.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue existing economic vitali-
ty programs, such as the "Second Saturday" campaign.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
CA -5 Support for Voluntary Programs
Measure CA -5 directs the Town to support voluntary programs to improve
sustainability in Los Gatos.
!. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will offer support, such as providing
information on the Town's website and conducting other outreach, to volun-
tary programs that improve sustainability.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
2. Municipal Measures
As noted in Chapters 2 and 5, municipal operations represent a very small
fraction of total GHG emissions in Los Gatos. In part for this reason, the
GHG reduction measures for Town operations have not been individually
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
modeled. Some municipal GHG reduction measures will, however, serve to
reduce emissions from Town operations. Since projected GHG emissions
reductions from individual municipal operations measures are not available, it
is generally not practical to provide estimates of cost - effectiveness for those
measures. Some municipal operations measures, however, present clear -cut
cost saving opportunities for the Town. It is possible to automatically classify
such measures as highly cost - effective, irrespective of resulting GHG reduc-
tions. All municipal measures with cost savings "potential" and therefore
high cost effectiveness include "cost effectiveness analysis below." For all
other municipal operations measures without an analysis, the cost -
effectiveness could not reasonably be determined.
a. Transportation and Land Use
TR -1 Reduced Emissions from Employee Commute
Measure TR -1 directs the Town to implement programs and provide incen-
tives to encourage reduced emissions from employee commutes, including
telecommuting, alternative work schedules, carpooling /vanpooling, and ac-
tive transportation.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop programs and incentives
to reduce commutes from Town employees.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
The Town could realize savings through reduced employee parking and
transportation costs. A 2001 study found that commuter trip reduction pro-
grams had an average gross cost of $156 per employee per year; however, the
majority of businesses spent less, at a range of $33 to $89 per employee per
year. 39.40 Adjusted for inflation, the average annual per - employee cost of a
trip reduction program would be $202. Though this cost may seem high,
commuter trip reduction programs have frequently resulted in substantial
39 Pollution Probe, 2001. North American Workplace -based Trip Reduction Pro-
grammes.
49 Costs in 2001 dollars.
6 -59
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
overall cost savings for both employers and workers. " Direct cost savings
come mainly from the reduced need for parking or parking subsidies. Addi-
tionally, telecommuting has enabled some companies to reduce their need for
office space. Indirect savings have been realized through improved worker
productivity, morale, and health. For employees, savings arise primarily
from reduced needs for vehicle maintenance and fuel. Indirect municipal and
community benefits are realized through decreased congestion, air pollution,
and infrastructure costs. Commuter trip reduction programs typically recoup
their costs and have a substantial potential to reduce VMT when coupled
with other strategies. Additional staff costs to implement this measure for the
Town are anticipated to be very low. Given low costs and substantial poten-
tial savings for the Town, this measure is deemed highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -Z Support for Bicycle Commuting
Measure TR -2 directs the Town to provide bicycle lockers and showers at
Town offices, as well as offer education about bicycle commuting.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will purchase and place bicycle lockers
and construct shower facilities for bicycle commuters at Town offices. The
Town will also conduct education and outreach to Town employees about
bicycle commuting.
fl. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -3 Bicycles for Use by Town Employees
Measure TR -3 directs the Town to provide bicycles for short trips by Town
employees.
" Pollution Probe, 2001. North American Workplace -based Trip Reduction Pro-
grammes.
..1
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will purchase and maintain bicycles
for use by Town employees, and establish a program and policies for bicycle
use.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
TR -4 Incentives for Low Emission Vehicles
Measure TR -4 directs the Town to provide preferential parking for low -
emissions vehicles at Town offices.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will restripe and provide signage for
parking lots at Town offices to provide preferential parking for low- emissions
vehicles.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR-5 Idlingin Town Vehicles
Measure TR -5 directs the Town to adopt a policy to limit idling in Town
vehicles consistent with public safety standards.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and adopt a policy to
limit idling in Town vehicles. Town employees will be subject to this new
policy.
it Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff-time costs for this measure are anticipated to be very low and would
stem from the need to draft and implement the appropriate operating policies.
Since the Town could experience substantial cost savings through reduced
fuel use, this measure is deemed highly cost - effective.
6 -61
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
111. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
TR -6 Efficiency in Town Fleet Vehicles
Measure TR -6 directs the Town to regularly maintain Town fleet vehicles to
maximize efficiency (e.g. tire pressure).
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will establish policies as needed to
ensure maximum vehicle efficiency through proper maintenance.
A Cost Effectiveness., High
Staff -time costs for this measure are anticipated to be very low and would
stem from the need to draft and implement the appropriate operating policies.
Similar to measure TR -5, measure TR -6 could result in lower fuel costs for
the Town, as well as lower life -time maintenance costs for Town vehicles.
Given these potential substantial cost savings, this measure is deemed highly
cost - effective.
it! . Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
b. Green Building
GB -1 LEED Certification in Municipal Buildings
Measure GB-1 encourages all new municipal buildings and facilities to meet at
least LEED Gold certification standards.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will consider the feasibility of pursu-
ing LEED Gold certification when planning new municipal buildings and
facilities, and pursue this certification as appropriate.
ii. Cost Effectiveness- High
Staff time costs to potentially draft and adopt implementing language for this
measure would be very low. Building to LEED standards has generally been
6 -62
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
shown to add $3 to $5 per square foot to building costs. For LEED Gold
certification specifically, overall building costs are on average 1.96 percent
higher than for a similar, conventional building. It has been found, however,
that these costs are far outweighed by quantifiable financial benefits accrued
over the lifetime of a LEED - certified building. For energy use alone, the av-
erage 20 -year net present value of a LEED building is $5.79 per square foot,
which is greater than the increase in per - square -foot cost." Even greater cost
savings would likely accumulate over the anticipated lifetime of a LEED
building, which extends well beyond 20 years. In addition to the more pre-
cisely estimable savings from reductions in waste, energy needs, and water
use, worker productivity and health gains add to the cost savings associated
with LEED buildings. Given its overall net cost savings this measure is
deemed highly cost-effective .13
1R. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
GB -2 Rebates and Incentives for EnergyEfh'ciency
Measure G13-2 directs the Town to utilize all available rebates and incentives
for energy efficiency and distributed generation installations
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will research and pursue rebate and
incentive programs, such as State public good programs.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
Energy- related 20 -year net present value (NPV) refers to the overall value of
energy savings over 20 years of building life, accounting for inflation and interest rates.
Positive NPVs indicate investments that have positive returns and are thus worth
malting.
as Kats, Greg, 2003. Report: The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings
6 -63
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
GB -3 Green Building Training
Measure G13-3 directs the Town to train all plan review and building inspec-
tion staff in green building materials, techniques, and practices.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will either provide training for its plan
review and building inspection staff or send such staff to training programs
held by outside agencies.
fl. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
c. Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Fuels
RE -1 Solar Energyfor Town Facilities
Measure RE -1 directs the Town to conduct a solar feasibility study and install
solar panels on appropriate Town facilities.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will conduct the solar feasibility study,
and based on the results of that study, install solar panels on appropriate
Town facilities.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff -time costs for this measure are anticipated to be moderate and would
stem from the need to either undertake or commission a solar feasibility
study. Should the Town opt to have such a study performed by a third party,
this could represent an additional cost. However, by identifying optimal lo-
cations, a feasibility study would serve to improve the cost effectiveness of
solar installations. This would ensure that those solar panels which are in-
stalled offer the greatest return on investment, thus offering long -run cost
savings to the Town. Therefore, this measure is deemed highly cost - effective.
(For a discussion of the cost - effectiveness of solar installations, see the cost
analysis for communitywide measure RE -3.)
6 -64
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE-2 Solar WaterHeating at Town Facilities
Measure RE -2 directs the Town to install tankless and /or solar water heating
at appropriate Town facilities.
1. Action Items and Responsible Partles
To implement this measure, the Town will install tankless and /or solar water
heating at appropriate facilities.
ii. Cost Effectiveness: High
Staff time costs for this measure are anticipated to be low and would stem
from the need to initiate the installation of tankless or solar water heating
systems. According to evaluations conducted by consumer reports, tankless
water heaters usually do not represent a cost - effective alternative to storage
water heaters. " However, solar water heaters offer greater potential for cost -
effectiveness.45 Costs for solar water heating systems in an institutional set-
ting vary greatly depending upon the size of the building served and antici-
pated demands on the system. For reference, the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory estimates that costs for domestic solar water heating systems
range between approximately $2,200 and $5,850. Despite the high initial cost,
solar water heaters in institutional settings have been demonstrated to result
in long -term cost savings.46 Given potential long -run cost savings to the
Town, this measure is deemed highly cost- effective.
"Consumer Reports, 2008. Tankleu water heaters: They're efficient but ruiner
-
exsarily economical, http : / /www.consumerreports.org /cro /appliances /heating- cooling-
and- air /water - heaters /tankless- water - heaters /overview /tankless- water - heaters - ov.htm,
accessed on April 18 2012.
as EnergyS tar, Save Money and More with ENERCYSTAR Qualified Solar Watcr
Heaters, http: / /wvv .energystar.gov/ index .cfm ?c = solar_ wheat.pr_ savings_
benefits, accessed on May 1 2012.
"Federal Energy Management Program, 2004, Heating Water with Solar Ener-
gy Costs Less at the Phoenix Federal Correctional Institution.
6 -65
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE -3 Town Fleet Conversion
Measure RE -3 directs the Town to convert the Town's vehicle fleet to hybrid,
compressed natural gas, biodiesel, electric, hydrogen fuel cells, or ethanol,
where technologically feasible and consistent with public safety standards.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will establish a policy directing all
departments to replace vehicles in the Town fleet with vehicles that use these
fuel types as appropriate.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
RE -4 Fuel Conservation Program
Measure RE -4 directs the Town to establish a fuel conservation program for
the Town vehicle fleet and require Gas Cap driver training for all employees
who use fleet vehicles.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop the fuel conservation
program. In addition, to promote fuel efficiency, the Town will develop a
training program for all employees who use fleet vehicles.
ii. Cost Effectiveness., High
Staff -time costs for this measure are anticipated to be low and would stem
from the need to draft and implement the appropriate operating policies, as
well as train Town employees. Similar to transportation measures TR -5 and
TR -6, measure RE -4 could result in lower fuel costs for the Town. Given
these potential substantial cost savings, this measure is deemed highly cost -
effective.
• e,
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
d. Energy Conservation
Since the energy conservation measures would all serve to reduce energy use
related to municipal operations, they all have the potential to be highly cost
effective. However, without precise estimates of measure costs or, more im-
portantly, energy savings, it is not feasible to conclusively establish the cost -
effectiveness of these measures. Nevertheless, given the level of cost effec-
tiveness generally demonstrated by most energy conservation measures, it is
predicted that implementation of all of the energy conservation measures
would be highly cost effective.
EC -I EnergyAuditof Town Facilities
Measure EC -1 directs the Town to conduct, with assistance from PG &E, a
thorough energy audit of all Town facilities to identify cost - effective oppor-
tunities for conservation.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will coordinate with PG &E to con-
duct energy audits of Town facilities.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC-2 Reflective Roofing on Town Facilities
Measure EC -2 directs the Town to install reflective roofing on Town facili-
ties.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will install reflective roofing on Town
facilities.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 201 -2020 phase.
6 -67
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
EC -3 Energy Efficiency Standards for Town Facilities
Measure EC -3 directs the Town to establish energy efficiency standards for
Town facilities and provide employees with guidelines, instructions, and re-
quirements for efficient use of facilities.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop and adopt energy effi-
ciency standards for Town facilities and educate Town staff on efficient use of
facilities.
it Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC -4 Peak Electricity Demand Reduction
Measure EC -4 directs the Town to participate in peak electricity demand re-
duction programs and undertake peak demand reduction measures at Town
facilities.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will reduce electricity demands in
peak periods and participate in peak electricity demand reduction programs.
11. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
EC-5 Energy- E£ficientAppllancesand Office Equipment
Measure EC -5 directs the Town to replace outdated electronic appliances and
office equipment with energy- efficient models.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will establish a policy to replace appli-
ances and equipment with energy- efficient models when existing equipment
becomes outdated and requires replacement.
GIIO
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase,
EC -6 Street and Traffic Light Retrofits
Measure EC -6 directs the Town to continue to retrofit street lights and traffic
lights to light - emitting diodes (LED).
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue to retrofit street and
traffic lights.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
e. Water and Wastewater
WWI Water- ConservingFixturesin Town Facilities
Measure WW -1 directs the Town to install water - conserving fixtures in all
Town facilities.
1. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will install water - conserving fixtures
in Town facilities.
it Cast Effectiveness: High
Staff -time costs for this measure are anticipated to be low and would stem
from the need to initiate and manage the installation of water- efficient fix -
tures. In other institutional settings, water - conserving fixtures have been
shown to result in substantial cost savings which can offer simple payback
times of as little as 2.12 years —as in the case of the Portland, Oregon Veter-
ans' Affairs Medical Center. While overall Town operations in Los Gatos can
generally be expected to have lower water use than a typical medical facility,
the success of the Portland conservation program nonetheless indicates a
strong potential for long -term savings for the Town. Therefore, this measure
is deemed highly cost - effective.
6 -69
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
in. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
WW-2 Landscaping at Town Facilities
Measure WW -2 directs the Town to use drought - tolerant native landscaping
at Town facilities.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will establish a policy to use drought -
tolerant native landscaping at Town facilities.
A Cost Effectiveness: High
As with communitywide standards for drought tolerant landscaping or xeri-
scaping, the Town could potentially experience significant savings from land-
scaping that is less water intense. Given that such landscaping has strong po-
tential to result in long -term cost savings for the Town, this measure is
deemed highly cost - effective.
iii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
WW -3 Irrigation for Town Landscaping
Measure WW -3 directs the Town to use recycled water or graywater for
Town landscaping, including parks and medians, where appropriate.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will install necessary infrastructure
and use recycled water or graywater for Town landscaping where appropri-
ate.
it Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
6 -70
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
LOS GATOS Sn STAINABILITY PLAN
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
f. Solid Waste
SW -1 Recycling Coordinators
Measure SW -1 directs the Town to train an existing staff member from each
Town department to be a recycling coordinator for their department.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will train a staff member from each
department to be a recycling coordinator.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
SW-2 Reuse and Recycled Content Materials
Measure SW -2 requires all Town departments and facilities to reuse office
supplies, furniture, and computers before buying new materials. When buy-
ing new materials, products must be made with high levels of post- consumer
recycled content and have limited packaging.
i. Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will establish a reuse and purchasing
policy regarding recycled content and packaging.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
g. Open Space
0S-1 Tree Planting on Municipal Property
Measure OS -1 directs the Town to develop program for maximizing carbon
sequestration on municipal property through tree planting.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop a tree planting program.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
6 -71
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
h. Purchasing
PI Local Hiring
Measure P -1 directs the Town to develop program to require or encourage the
Town to hire locally for its contracts and services.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop a local hiring program for
contracts and services.
ti. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
P-2 Sustamability Criteria in Proposal Selection Process
Measure P -2 directs the Town to request that proposals or applications in-
clude information about the sustainability practices of the organization, and
use such information as a partial basis for proposal evaluations.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will develop a proposal and applica-
tion requirement to include information about the sustainability practices of
the organization, and will incorporate such information into the evaluation
criteria.
ii. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
P -3 Life -Cycle Costing Approach in Purchasing
Measure P -3 directs the Town to incorporate a "life -cycle costing" approach
into Town purchasing considerations that takes into account long -term cost
savings from energy- efficient products.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will incorporate a life -cycle costing
approach into purchasing policies.
IC3Pta
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
i. Community Action
CA -1 Green Business Program
Measure CA -1 directs the Town to continue to operate a townwide green
business program.
L Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will continue to operate the green
business program.
it Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2012 -2015 phase.
CA-2 SustainabildrCoordmator
Measure CA -2 directs the Town to train an existing staff member to be a sus -
tainability coordinator for the Town.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will identify and train the staff mem-
ber to be a sustainability coordinator.
A Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
CA -3 Incentives for Sustainable Business Practices
Measure CA -3 directs the Town to reward local businesses that hire local res-
idents and allow telecommuting by, for example, recognition on the Town
website or in Town newsletters, or preference in Town purchasing.
I Action Items and Responsible Parties
To implement this measure, the Town will identify local businesses that meet
the measure's criteria, and develop a reward system.
6 -73
TOWN OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
fl. Implementation Schedule
The Town will begin implementing this measure during the 2015 -2020 phase.
B. Implementation Funding
One of the main barriers to seeing through an implementation plan is lack of
available funds. There are multiple grant and loan programs through State,
federal, and regional sources to combat the effects of GHGs. With the estab-
lishment of this SustainahLbLy Plan, Los Gatos is in a position to apply for
funding to implement the supporting measures in a timely fashion. Funding
sources may include the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC)
and Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), as a well as State and
federal agencies with similar programs.
One federal funding source is the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
of 2009 (ARRA). As part of this program the Department of Energy admin-
istered Energy Efficiency Conservation Block Grants, and in September 2010,
Los Gatos received a $162,712 allocation for a project to install energy -
efficient lighting in municipal parking lots and parks. In January 2012, the
Town Council authorized an application for Phase 2 funding from this pro-
gram, which would enable the Town to recapture unused program funds for
street light conversion projects. While another federal stimulus package is
not anticipated in the near future, the Department of Energy or another fed-
eral department may continue to occasionally offer funding or grants for Sim-
ilar projects. Other federal funding may be available through the EPA, which
offers a wide selection of grants at varying time intervals. Some grants which
Los Gatos could potentially seek during their respective application periods
include:
e Non - Construction Market -based Approaches to Reducing GHG Emis-
sions through Energy Efficiency in Homes & Buildings grants.
e Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) grants.
6 -74
TOWN OF LOS G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
o Solid Waste Assistance grants.
e Source Reduction Assistance grants.
California State departments, such as CalRecycle and the California Energy
Commission, have at times offered grants or other funding for climate or sus -
tainability programs. Pursuant to Senate Bill (SB) 1754, the California Alter-
native Energy and Advanced Transportation Financing Authority offers pro-
grams that, among other things, support distributed generation of renewable
energy, as well as energy or water efficiency improvements. Additionally,
California's implementation of GHG Cap and Trade programs could offer
new sources of funding. While it remains uncertain how program revenues
would be allocated, some proposals, such as that to create a GHG Reduction
Account, could lead to funding availability for local governments. Also at the
State level, Assembly Bill (AB) 2466 mandates that local governments be paid
for the excess renewable energy they generate, offering another potential rev-
enue Stream.
Beyond the grants and programs offered by the State, there are also a variety
of local or regional agencies and programs that have the potential to offer
additional funding or support. As part of its regional planning efforts, MTC
provides multiple grant opportunities under its Climate Initiatives Program.
There may also be opportunities to pursue funding through private charitable
organizations, such as the Hewlett Foundation, which offers grants through
its Bay Area Communities and Energy & Climate programs.
With the funding from federal programs, current State legislation and pro-
grams, and grant opportunities like those above, Los Gatos is likely to receive
assistance in seeing through its climate action goals and measures.
C Plan Adaptation, Re- Inventory, and Monitoring
This Sustainability Plan represents Los Gatos' communitywide response to
the effects of GHGs as of the time of this documents preparation. The field
6 -75
T O W N OF L O S G A T O S
L O S G A T O S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y P L A N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A N D M O N I T O R I N G
of climate action planning is rapidly evolving. Over the next decade, new
information about the effects and risks of GHGs is likely to emerge, new
GHG reduction strategies and technologies will be developed, and State and
federal legislation are likely to advance. Therefore, in order to remain rele-
vant and to be as effective as possible, the Sustainability Plan must evolve
over time.
The Town will be responsible for continually monitoring the Town's pro-
gress towards meeting the GHG emissions reduction target. The Sustainabil-
ity Plan, as a whole, will be reviewed and modified every three years to evalu-
ate implementation and achievement of measure reductions and to identify
potential plan update needs.
As part of the monitoring evaluation, the Town will re- inventory their GHG
emissions. The process of conducting a re- inventory will allow the Town to
monitor progress and report results toward local emissions reduction targets
and identify opportunities to integrate new or improved measures into the
emissions reduction plan. If forecast target reductions are not being met, the
Department will determine which measures are not achieving the target and
which measures are exceeding the target. As new technology comes online
each year, the Department will consider improvements to climate science,
explore new opportunities for GHG reduction and climate adaptation, and
determine what innovations can be implemented to help reduce emissions to
reach reduction targets.
6 -76
Los Gatos Sustainability Plan - Appendices
October 15, 2012
Prepared For; The Town of Los Gatos
Los Gatos Sustainability Plan - Appendices
October 15, 2012
Prepared For: The Town of Los Gatos
A P P E N D I X A
C O M M U N I T Y W O R K S H O P
SUMMARY
Community Workshop Summary
Project: Los Gatos Sustainability Plan Community Workshop #1 Date: January 30, 2012
❑ Safe facilities for those who can't drive
❑ Sidewalks and pedestrian connections
❑ Improve biking and walking for kids to parks and schools
❑ Collaborate with school districts on school buses
❑ Zero tolerance for speeding near schools to improve safety of walking or biking
❑ Lights in commercial buildings after hours
❑ Allow EV to park in surplus spots after business hours
o Do not support - spots are needed
❑ Concern about traffic /idling and solid waste at special events
❑ Help homeowners /property owners find sources of loans for energy upgrades
❑ Centralized parking downtown and increasing focus on bikes and pedestrians like in Mountain View and Santa
Monica
❑ More crosswalks, especially on Los Gatos Blvd.
❑ Don't replace water -using landscaping with hardscaping /impervious surfaces
❑ Support rain catchment systems
❑ Keep permit prices for alternative energy improvements low
❑ Work with school districts on implementing bus transp.
❑ Convert fleet to electric /natural gas
❑ Develop and implement complete streets - retrofit existing streets when pre -paved with bike lanes
• Support voluntary programs like Green @home
• Ban plastic bags * ** (the three stars indicate that three more people supported this comment)
• "Not nearly enough - 20 years too late"
❑ Public health connections - waking, biking
• Wildland fire prevention (avoid loss of carbon sequestration in trees)
• Measures OS- 3/OS -5 - disagree with these measures
• Measure CA -2 - don't use printed materials for outreach /education - focus on on -line resources instead to save paper
• Free /reduced cost shuttle is unused
❑ Measure P -2 - will increase the cost of bids
❑ Educate (to provide the opportunity) before Require (one size /thing does not fit all)
❑ Incentives and grants for energy conservation - partner with PG &E
A P P E N D I X B
INVENTORY AND FORECAST
M O D ELI N G F I L FS
2008 and 2020 Land Use and Population & Housing Summary
Residential a Growth (units) Under the 2020 General Plan
Additional
(Units)
Total (units)
Single- Family 12130 177 12,307
Total Residential 12130 1,600 13.730
Non - Residential a Growth (SQFT) Under the 2020 General Plan
Number of Acres by Land Use Designation
Number of Town
Land Use Designation Acres in Town Percent of Total
Hillside Residential (1 DU /Ac) 1,730 28%
Low Density Residential (1 -5
DU /Ac)
Existing (SQFT)
Additional
Development (SQFT)
Total (SQFT)
Commercial
1,924,870
419,210
2,344,080
Office
1,630,480
516,000
2,146,480
Industrial
526,000
8,000
534,000
Total Non - Residential
4,081,350
943,210
5,024,560
Employment
18,820
2,660
21,480
Number of Acres by Land Use Designation
Number of Town
Land Use Designation Acres in Town Percent of Total
Hillside Residential (1 DU /Ac) 1,730 28%
Low Density Residential (1 -5
DU /Ac)
1,649
27%
Medium Density Residential (5-
Industrial
61
12 DU /Ac)
510
8%
High Density Residential (12-
20 DU /Ac)
64
1%
Mobile Home Park (5 -12
DU /Ac)
0
0%
Mixed -Use Commercial
144
2%
Central Business District (FAR
0.6)
43
1%
Neighborhood Commercial
65
1%
Service Commercial
18
0%
Office Professional
65
1%
Light Industrial
61
1%
Public
135
2%
Agriculture
339
5%
Open Space
1,393
22%
Total
6,216
1
Summary of Land Use
Commercial
270
Office
65
Industrial
61
Total Non - Residential
396 9%
4,349 100%
Transportation
Baseline Transportation Emissions
Based an EMFAC2011
Veh
Percent of WIT
NOx
N20
CO2
CO20
CO2w /Pavley+
CO2ew /Pavley+
LCF
LCFS
All Other Buses
0.0%
3
0
308
337
308
337
LOA
53.4%
104
3
95,347
96,374
95,347
96,374
LOT7
5.7%
24
1
11,732
11,966
11,732
11,966
LOT2
19.0%
55
2
46,226
46,767
46,226
46,767
LHD1
3.3%
44
1
14,900
15,329
14,900
15,329
LHD2
0.5%
10
0
1,844
1,942
1,844
1,942
MY
0.5%
9
0
1,230
1,321
1,230
1,321
MDV
13.8%
47
2
42,306
42,771
42,306
42,771
MH
0.2%
8
0
807
882
807
882
Motor Coach
0.0%
4
0
466
511
466
511
OBUS
0.1%
1
0
327
340
327
340
PTO
00%
4
0
472
509
472
509
SBUS
0.1%
4
0
381
417
381
417
T6 Ag
0.0%
1
0
61
66
61
66
T6 CARP heavy
0.0%
0
0
4
4
4
4
T6 CARP small
0.0%
0
0
12
13
12
13
T6 instate construction heavy
=%
2
0
248
269
248
269
T6 instate construction small
0A%
6
0
736
791
736
791
T6 instate heavy
0,2%
12
0
1,416
1,537
1,416
1,537
T6 instate small
0.7%
32
1
4,204
4,516
4,204
4,516
T6 00S heavy
0.0%
0
0
2
2
2
2
T6 00S small
0.0%
0
0
7
7
7
7
T6 publc
0.0%
1
0
167
181
167
181
T6 ulil0y
0.0%
0
0
29
31
29
31
T6TS
0.1%
4
0
527
567
527
567
T7 Ag
0.0%
3
0
251
277
251
277
T7 CARP
0.3%
23
1
2,682
2,911
2,682
2,911
T7 CARP construction
0.0%
3
0
324
351
324
351
T7 NNOOS
0.3%
20
1
3,057
3,254
3,057
3,254
T7NOOS
0.1%
8
0
983
1,067
983
1,067
T7 other pan
0.0%
4
0
298
335
298
335
T7POAK
0.1%
13
0
1,050
1,181
1,050
1,181
T7 POLA
0.0%
0
0
0
0
0
0
T7 public
0.0%
2
0
193
213
193
213
T7 Single
0.2%
14
0
1,615
1,756
1,615
1,756
T7 single construction
0.1%
7
0
831
904
631
904
T7 SWCV
0.0%
5
0
482
527
482
527
T7 tractor
0.5%
46
1
4,826
5,283
4,826
5,283
T7 tractor construction
011%
6
0
620
679
620
679
T7 utility
0.0%
0
0
33
36
33
36
T71S
0.0%
1
0
72
84
72
84
UBUS
0.1%
15
0
1,697
1,841
1.697
1,841
TOTAL
646
17
242,772
248,146
0 242,772
248,146
WO emissions were cakulared using an off model adjustment provided by CMB N
AB 32 Technical Appendices. Tile off-rowel
adNSlmeid uses a linear regression eiv a ating N20
wdh NOx (NM =
Doi i velvcles miles tMVebd (VMT) muMplied by 347 dayLyearto aecouM kr reduced hasac on weekends and holidrys_ This assumption is mnsislent wdh the Cafdomia Air Resources Boarts (GARB)
methoolo" within the Claude Change secret, Pion Measure Dacumenlalon Supplement.
Forecast Year 2020 Business as Usual and Reduction Scenario
Year Dapy WT Annual WT
Veh
Percent of VMT
Noe
N20
CO2
CO2e
CO2w /Pavley+
CO2ew /Pavley+
LCF
LCFS
All Other Buses
0./%
1
0
405
416
364
375
LOA
0A%
30
1
116,838
117,136
80,657
80,955
LDT1
0.1%
9
0
14,340
14,427
10,531
10,618
LDT2
0.0%
17
1
53,228
53,397
40,373
40,542
LHD1
0.0%
27
1
15,799
16,065
14,219
14,485
LHD2
0.0%
5
0
2,001
2,052
1,801
1,852
MCY
0.0%
11
0
1,460
1,568
1,314
1,422
MDV
0.1%
24
1
44,904
45,138
35,490
35,725
MH
0.2%
4
0
934
976
840
883
Motor Coach
0.7%
1
0
629
643
566
580
OBUS
0.0%
1
0
290
298
261
269
PTO
0.0%
2
0
703
722
632
651
SBUS
0.0%
3
0
378
404
340
366
T6 Ag
0.0%
0
0
60
62
54
56
T6 CAIRP heavy
0.2%
0
0
5
5
4
4
T6 CAIRP small
0.0%
0
0
15
16
14
14
T6 instate construction heavy
0.4%
1
0
209
215
188
194
T6 instate construction small
0.0%
1
0
558
565
502
509
T6 instate heavy
0.4%
5
0
1,779
1,828
1,601
1,650
T6 instate small
0.1%
6
0
4,976
5,040
4,478
4,542
T6 00S heavy
0.0%
0
0
3
3
2
2
T6 005 small
01%
0
0
9
9
8
8
T6 public
0.0%
1
0
222
230
200
207
T6 utility
0.0%
0
0
36
37
32
33
T6TS
02%
2
0
775
791
698
714
T7 Ag
0.1 %
1
0
262
271
236
245
T7 CAIRP
01%
7
0
4,162
4,234
3,746
3,818
T7 CAIRP construction
07%
0
0
262
267
236
240
T7NNOOS
0.0%
6
0
4,718
4,780
4,246
4,308
T7NOOS
00%
3
0
1,539
1,567
1,385
1,413
T7 other port
00%
2
0
398
415
358
376
T7POAK
0.1%
10
0
2,191
2,287
1,972
2,068
T7 POLA
0.1%
0
0
0
0
0
0
T7 public
0.0%
2
0
266
281
239
254
T7 Single
0.0%
7
0
2,458
2,524
2,212
2,279
T7 single construction
0.0%
2
0
660
679
594
613
T7 SWCV
0.0%
3
0
657
684
591
618
T7 tractor
0.0%
18
1
7,268
7,447
6,541
6,721
1-7tractorconsvuction
0.0%
1
0
492
505
442
456
T7 utility
0.0%
0
0
42
43
38
39
T71S
a0%
1
0
118
128
106
117
UBUS
00%
15
0
1,885
2,028
1.696
1,840
TOTAL
228
7
287,932
290,182
0 219,812
222,062
WO emissions were czloulated using an off -model adjustment provided by CRABia AB 32 Tarhma l Appendices. Th. off -model adjustment uses a linear regression correlating N20 w1b NOC(N20=
OailyvMiles miles Reveled (VMT) mu3ip5ed by 347 daysyear to account far reduced here, on weekends and holidays. This assumption is personal the Contends or Resources Boards (CARD)
methodology within the climate Change 5copmg Pun Measure Documenlamin supplement.
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